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Theriogenology > Mare Cycle and Breeding Management > Flashcards

Mare Cycle and Breeding Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is the site of fertilization in the mare?

A

oviducts (uterine tube)

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2
Q

How long is the estrus cycle in the mare?

A

21 days

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3
Q

What is the transition period?

A
  • gradual increase in FSH after winter anestrus
  • growth of several follicles that do not ovulate (waves)
  • slow increase in LH until first ovulation of the year
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4
Q

What are the requirements for inducing ovulation in the mare?

A
  • mare must be in estrus

- must have growing, pre-ovulatory follicles > 35mm

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5
Q

What is used to induce ovulation in the mare?

A
  • hCG

- GnRH (Deslorelin acetate)

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6
Q

What is used to shorten the luteal phase?

A

Prostaglandin F2a

Dinoprost, Cloprostenol

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7
Q

What is used to prevent estrus?

A
  • Progesterone + Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Marble
  • OVX
  • Vaccine/GnRH implant
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8
Q

Describe the cervix during estrus

A

relaxed, edematous, moist, pink, and dilated

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9
Q

Describe the cervix during diestrus

A

closed, pale pink, dry, and elevated off vaginal floor

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10
Q

Describe the cervix during pregnancy

A

tightly closed and coated with mucus

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11
Q

Describe the cervix during anestrus

A

relaxed near vaginal floor

vaginal mucosa is white with sparse vasculature

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12
Q

When should the mare be inseminated?

A

< 48 hours prior to ovulation

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13
Q

What is the ideal vulva conformation?

A
  • vertical
  • 10cm
  • below ischial arch
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14
Q

What is the rate of growth of follicles?

A

3mm per day

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15
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

2 days before the end of behavioral estrus

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16
Q

Describe embryo transfer

A
  • embryo produced in vitro
  • recovered from donor during preimplantation stage
  • transferred to synchronous recipient via a straw or surgical implantation
17
Q

Describe oocyte transfer

A
  • recover oocyte from pre-ovulatory follicle
  • surgical transfer to synchronous recipient tube
  • mating/insemination of recipient
18
Q

Describe gamete intrafallopian transfer

A
  • sperm is transferred with oocyte

- fertilization in natural environment

19
Q

Describe intracytoplasmic sperm injection

A
  • oocyte matured in vivo or in vitro
  • sperm injected directly into oocyte
  • embryo cultured in vitro
  • blastocyst transferred on day 7-8
20
Q

Describe cloning

A
  • oocyte developed to maturity
  • oocyte nucleus removed
  • nucleus of cultured somatic cell injected into oocyte
  • culture to blastocyst and transferred to recipient
21
Q

What are the physical barriers to uterine infection?

A
  • vulva and perineal body
  • vestibulovaginal junction
  • cervix
22
Q

What are endometrial cysts?

A

dilated lymphatics

23
Q

What date is the average first ovulation in the Northern hemisphere?

A

April 7

24
Q

What is Turner’s Syndrome?

A
  • XO karotype

- small stature and small ovaries

25
Q

Which organisms are most likely involved in persistent post-breeding endometritis?

A
  • B-hemolytic streptococci
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Enterobacter cloacae
26
Q

What are the treatment options for persistent post-breeding endometritis?

A
  • small, frequent doses of oxytocin
  • post-breeding lavage
  • PGF2alpha
  • manual cervical dilation
  • corticosteroids (Dex, Pred)
27
Q

What is the embryo capsule?

A
  • polysaccharide-rich membrane between trophectoderm and zona pellucida
  • forms after embryo reaches uterus
28
Q

What are the signs of impending embryo loss?

A
  • small embryo for age
  • anembryonic vesicle
  • abnormal location and orientation
  • endometrial edema during pregnancy
29
Q

What are the methods of twin reduction and their respective time-frames?

A

14-15 days - manual reduction
30-50 days - ultrasound guided puncture
60-90 days - fetal decapitation
> 100 days - intracardiac injection

30
Q

What is the average length of gestation?

A

335-342 days

31
Q

Pneumabort-K is a vaccination against what?

A

EHV-1

Theriogenology (17 decks)

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