Bovine Non-Infectious Infertility and Toxicants Flashcards
Describe uterine involution
- takes 25-50 days
- lochia is expelled (blood tinged fluid, tissue, and debris)
- blood vessels to caruncles vasoconstrict and slough
- endometrial epithelium repairs
What is metritis?
severe inflammation involving all layers of the uterus
- usually occurs within 10 days after parturition
What are the clinical signs associated with metritis?
- fetid red-brown watery uterine discharge
- reduced milk yield
- dullness, inappetence
- elevated heart rate
- dehydration
How is metritis treated?
- systemic antibiotics: Ceftiofur, Penicillin, Oxytetracycline
- anti-inflammatories
- +/- uterine lavage
What is endometritis?
inflammation of the endometrium extending no deeper than the stratum spongiosum
- occurs at least 21 days after parturition
How is endometritis diagnosed?
- rectal palpation, ultrasound
- examine vaginal contents
- presence of > 50% purulent material in uterine discharge after 21 days (score 3)
- presence of mucopurulent material in vagina after 26 days (score 2)
What are the treatment options for endometritis?
- systemic or intrauterine antibiotics: penicillin, ceftiofur sodium, ceftiofur crystalline free acid, oxytetracycline
- hormone therapy: PGF2a, oxytocin, estrogen
- supportive care
What is pyometra?
collection of purulent exudate within the endometrial cavity
How is pyometra caused?
- metritis, endometritis, lochia, or other contents are present and ovulation occurs, resulting in CL formation
- inhibition of PGF2a release, and CL is maintained
How is pyometra diagnosed?
- history of unobserved estrus
- rectal exam: thin walled, fluid filled uterus
How is pyometra treated?
removal of the CL
What is true anestrus?
insufficient hormonal stimulus resulting in no cycle
Describe the pathophysiology of a freemartin
- twins share chorioallantoic membrane
- male twin develops first, leads to AMH production
- AMG inhibits female duct system
Describe the internal genitalia of a free martun
- vestigial ovaries
- reduced development of paramesonephric ducts
- some development of male ducts
- small genital tract, hypoplastic ovaries, short vagina, absent cervix
What are the characteristics and signs associated with ovarian follicular cysts?
- anestrus is primary sign
- irregular estrus intervals
- may show nymphomania
- may have bull-like appearance
