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RUSVM Theriogenology > Swine Reproduction > Flashcards

Swine Reproduction Flashcards

Taught by Dr. Hilari French

1
Q

T/F: Vaccination for leptospirosis in pigs should be performed at least once a year

A

False

Vaccination for leptospirosis in pigs should be performed at least once every 6 months

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2
Q

What difference in testicular anatomy is noted in the boar?

A

upside-down balls

The tail of the epididymis is on the TOP and the head of the epididymis is on the BOTTOM

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3
Q

For medical therapy for dystocia in pigs, you can administer ________ IM every 30 minutes

A

oxytocin

DO NOT ADMINISTER IF THERE IS AN OBSTRUCTION!!!!

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4
Q

What is the most common method used in pigs to hasten the onset of puberty?

A

Boar effect

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5
Q

Many pigs carry Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae on their ________ without any clinical signs

A

tonsils

  • Organism can gain access via contaminated feed and water
  • In acute cases, the organism enters the circulation via the pharynx and infects the blood vessels
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6
Q

What clinical sign in boars is suggestive of Brucella suis?

A

Orchitis

  • Sows shed large numbers of bacteria
  • Granulomatous lesions in uterus, ovaries, testes, ASG, liver, kidney
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7
Q

________ is used for diagnosis of PRRS

A

herd serology

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8
Q

T/F: Cystic ovarian disease is the most common non-infectious cause of infertility in the sow

A

False

Cystic ovarian disease is the 2nd most common non-infectious cause of infertility in the sow

Hydrosalpinx is the most common non-infectious cause of infertility in the sow

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9
Q

T/F: The pig is the only natural host for hog cholera

A

True

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of porcine dystocia?

A

Uterine Inertia (37%)

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11
Q

Approximately how many mLs of semen are used for AI in pigs?

A

80-100 mLs

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12
Q

What is the gestation length in pigs?

A

114 +/- 2 days

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13
Q

Ovulation occurs ~____ of the way through estrus in the sow

A

Ovulation occurs 2/3 of the way through estrus in the sow (36 h average)

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14
Q

In the case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, abortion typically occurs secondary to ________ in pigs

A

In the case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, abortion typically occurs secondary to fever and septicemia in pigs

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15
Q

__________ is the most common cause of porcine pregnancy losses

A

Leptospirosis

Can be brought in by carrier animals; Clinical signs depends on the stage in which the females becomes infected but usually mummified and macerated fetuses

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of non-infectious infertility in pigs?

A

Hydrosalpinx

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17
Q

What is the method of choice for control of Brucella suis in swine?

A

test and slaughter

“Bruce kills pigs”

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18
Q

What is the approximate length of estrus in the sow?

A

48-72 hours

Ovulation occurs 2/3 of the way through estrus (36 h average)

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19
Q

Things that hasten the onset of puberty in the gilt include:

  • Increased lighting
  • Introducing a boar
  • Mixing with new pen mates
  • A and B only
  • All of the above
A

All of the above​

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20
Q

What is the desired number of offspring per sow per year?

A

10

21
Q

T/F: Test and slaughter is the method of choice for prevention of PRRS in swine

A

No, jackass.

  • Isolation and acclimatization is the method of choice.*
  • …murderer*
22
Q

T/F: Pigs are seasonally polyestrus

A

False

Pigs are non-seasonally polyestrus

  • Polyestrous
  • Non-seasonal
  • Length: 21 days (18-24 d range)
  • No series of follicular waves as seen in cattle
23
Q

For induction of parturition in sows, prostaglandins can be administered on day ____ of gestation

A

day 112-113

24
Q

What type of placentation is seen in pigs?

A

Epitheliochorial Diffuse Placentation

25
Q

PG600 is a combination of ____ and _____

A

PG600 is a combination of eCG and hCG

These have FSH and LH-like effects. They are combined to give the effects of GnRH. This combination was created specifically for pigs.

26
Q

What is the prognosis associated with uterine prolapse in the sow?

A

GRAVE

These pigs are usually just euthanized

27
Q

Pigs have ___ functional teats on each side

A

Six (6)

Three are cranial to the umbilicus

28
Q

What are some delaying factors that contribute to the onset of puberty in the pig?

A
  • Confinement housing
  • Season (photoperiod, not temp)
29
Q

What accessory sex glands are present in the boar?

A

prostate, bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles

Do not have ampullae

30
Q

T/F: Prostaglandins can be used to “short-cycle” pigs

A

False

CLs not responsive until after days 12-13. MRP usually comes right after that, so you don’t really have the option of short-cycling them to get them to come back into heat

31
Q

What signs are associated with porcine parvovirus?

A
  • SMEDI = stillbirths, mummies, embryonic death and infertility
  • Embryonic and fetal death with no maternal signs
  • Females may nest and get mammary development, but fail to farrow
32
Q

After artificial insemination of the sow, you can rub their teats to stimulate __________

A

uterine contractions

  • This will help it move through the uterus*
  • If the female lays down during insemination, continue with procedure as she lays down. Slapping her to get her up inhibits the release of oxytocin and uterine contractions.*
33
Q

T/F: Corticosteroids are recommended compared to prostaglandins for induction of parturition in sows

A

False

Too much lag and poor piglet survival if given too early

34
Q

What physical method is most commonly used for pregnancy diagnosis in pigs?

A

ultrasound

35
Q

The “back pressure test” is also known as the ________ response

A

Lordosis response

Put a boar in front of a sow, then put pressure on the back of the sow. If she moves forward, she’s not in heat. If she stands still, then she is in heat.

36
Q

Cherry red tissues from carboxyhemoglobin are associated with:

A

carbon monoxide toxicity

37
Q

What are some hastening factors that contribute to the onset of puberty in the pig?

A
  • Movement/mixing of females
  • Length of day - long
  • Boar effect
38
Q

2nd mating or artificial insemination is necessary in sows with positive back pressure test ____ hours after mating

A

24 hours

39
Q

Semen collection in the boar can be accomplished by three methods. What are they?

A
  1. Artificial vagina
  2. Electro-ejaculator
  3. Gloved hand method
    1. ​Preferred technique for semen collection in the boar
40
Q

T/F: Prevention/Treatment of Pseudorabies (Aujesky’s) in swine involves depopulation of the entire herd

A

True!

41
Q

Zearalenone causes __________ in pigs

A

implantation failure

Females exhibit signs of estrus, mammary development and vaginal discharge

42
Q

This is the gold standard for measuring semen concentration in the boar:

A

Hemacytometry

43
Q

T/F: Pseudorabies (Aujesky’s) can be transmitted via semen in swine

A

True

44
Q

Diagnosis of porcine parvovirus is based mostly on:

A

Clinical signs of increased irregular returns to estrus and increased mummies

45
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with encephalomyocarditis virus in swine?

A

reproductive failure, encephalitis, and myocarditis

46
Q

____ embryos must be present for maternal recognition of pregnancy in the sow

A

four (4)

Need a minimum of 4 embryos by day 11 to maintain pregnancy!!

47
Q

For cesarean section in the pig, the horizontal incision is made parallel to underline. The vertical incision is made ________

A

on the LEFT flank

48
Q

As part of the breeding soundness exam in the boar, progressive motility of the sperm should be at least ___%

A

70%

49
Q

What are the two distinguishable forms of PRRS in pigs?

A

reproductive failure and post-weaning respiratory disease

  • Reproductive failure: premature farrowings, inc. stillbirths/mummies, weak neonates, increased abortion.
  • Post-weaning respiratory disease: decreased average daily gain and increased mortality

Should be easy to remember if you remember PRRS stands for Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome

RUSVM Theriogenology (31 decks)

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