Swine Reproduction Flashcards
Taught by Dr. Hilari French
T/F: Vaccination for leptospirosis in pigs should be performed at least once a year
False
Vaccination for leptospirosis in pigs should be performed at least once every 6 months
What difference in testicular anatomy is noted in the boar?
upside-down balls
The tail of the epididymis is on the TOP and the head of the epididymis is on the BOTTOM
For medical therapy for dystocia in pigs, you can administer ________ IM every 30 minutes
oxytocin
DO NOT ADMINISTER IF THERE IS AN OBSTRUCTION!!!!
What is the most common method used in pigs to hasten the onset of puberty?
Boar effect
Many pigs carry Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae on their ________ without any clinical signs
tonsils
- Organism can gain access via contaminated feed and water
- In acute cases, the organism enters the circulation via the pharynx and infects the blood vessels
What clinical sign in boars is suggestive of Brucella suis?
Orchitis
- Sows shed large numbers of bacteria
- Granulomatous lesions in uterus, ovaries, testes, ASG, liver, kidney
________ is used for diagnosis of PRRS
herd serology
T/F: Cystic ovarian disease is the most common non-infectious cause of infertility in the sow
False
Cystic ovarian disease is the 2nd most common non-infectious cause of infertility in the sow
Hydrosalpinx is the most common non-infectious cause of infertility in the sow
T/F: The pig is the only natural host for hog cholera
True
What is the most common cause of porcine dystocia?
Uterine Inertia (37%)
Approximately how many mLs of semen are used for AI in pigs?
80-100 mLs
What is the gestation length in pigs?
114 +/- 2 days
Ovulation occurs ~____ of the way through estrus in the sow
Ovulation occurs 2/3 of the way through estrus in the sow (36 h average)
In the case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, abortion typically occurs secondary to ________ in pigs
In the case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, abortion typically occurs secondary to fever and septicemia in pigs
__________ is the most common cause of porcine pregnancy losses
Leptospirosis
Can be brought in by carrier animals; Clinical signs depends on the stage in which the females becomes infected but usually mummified and macerated fetuses
What is the most common cause of non-infectious infertility in pigs?
Hydrosalpinx
What is the method of choice for control of Brucella suis in swine?
test and slaughter
“Bruce kills pigs”
What is the approximate length of estrus in the sow?
48-72 hours
Ovulation occurs 2/3 of the way through estrus (36 h average)
Things that hasten the onset of puberty in the gilt include:
- Increased lighting
- Introducing a boar
- Mixing with new pen mates
- A and B only
- All of the above
All of the above
What is the desired number of offspring per sow per year?
10
T/F: Test and slaughter is the method of choice for prevention of PRRS in swine
No, jackass.
- Isolation and acclimatization is the method of choice.*
- …murderer*
T/F: Pigs are seasonally polyestrus
False
Pigs are non-seasonally polyestrus
- Polyestrous
- Non-seasonal
- Length: 21 days (18-24 d range)
- No series of follicular waves as seen in cattle
For induction of parturition in sows, prostaglandins can be administered on day ____ of gestation
day 112-113
What type of placentation is seen in pigs?
Epitheliochorial Diffuse Placentation
PG600 is a combination of ____ and _____
PG600 is a combination of eCG and hCG
These have FSH and LH-like effects. They are combined to give the effects of GnRH. This combination was created specifically for pigs.
What is the prognosis associated with uterine prolapse in the sow?
GRAVE
These pigs are usually just euthanized
Pigs have ___ functional teats on each side
Six (6)
Three are cranial to the umbilicus
What are some delaying factors that contribute to the onset of puberty in the pig?
- Confinement housing
- Season (photoperiod, not temp)
What accessory sex glands are present in the boar?
prostate, bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles
Do not have ampullae
T/F: Prostaglandins can be used to “short-cycle” pigs
False
CLs not responsive until after days 12-13. MRP usually comes right after that, so you don’t really have the option of short-cycling them to get them to come back into heat
What signs are associated with porcine parvovirus?
- SMEDI = stillbirths, mummies, embryonic death and infertility
- Embryonic and fetal death with no maternal signs
- Females may nest and get mammary development, but fail to farrow
After artificial insemination of the sow, you can rub their teats to stimulate __________
uterine contractions
- This will help it move through the uterus*
- If the female lays down during insemination, continue with procedure as she lays down. Slapping her to get her up inhibits the release of oxytocin and uterine contractions.*
T/F: Corticosteroids are recommended compared to prostaglandins for induction of parturition in sows
False
Too much lag and poor piglet survival if given too early
What physical method is most commonly used for pregnancy diagnosis in pigs?
ultrasound
The “back pressure test” is also known as the ________ response
Lordosis response
Put a boar in front of a sow, then put pressure on the back of the sow. If she moves forward, she’s not in heat. If she stands still, then she is in heat.
Cherry red tissues from carboxyhemoglobin are associated with:
carbon monoxide toxicity
What are some hastening factors that contribute to the onset of puberty in the pig?
- Movement/mixing of females
- Length of day - long
- Boar effect
2nd mating or artificial insemination is necessary in sows with positive back pressure test ____ hours after mating
24 hours
Semen collection in the boar can be accomplished by three methods. What are they?
- Artificial vagina
- Electro-ejaculator
-
Gloved hand method
- Preferred technique for semen collection in the boar
T/F: Prevention/Treatment of Pseudorabies (Aujesky’s) in swine involves depopulation of the entire herd
True!
Zearalenone causes __________ in pigs
implantation failure
Females exhibit signs of estrus, mammary development and vaginal discharge
This is the gold standard for measuring semen concentration in the boar:
Hemacytometry
T/F: Pseudorabies (Aujesky’s) can be transmitted via semen in swine
True
Diagnosis of porcine parvovirus is based mostly on:
Clinical signs of increased irregular returns to estrus and increased mummies
What are the clinical signs associated with encephalomyocarditis virus in swine?
reproductive failure, encephalitis, and myocarditis
____ embryos must be present for maternal recognition of pregnancy in the sow
four (4)
Need a minimum of 4 embryos by day 11 to maintain pregnancy!!
For cesarean section in the pig, the horizontal incision is made parallel to underline. The vertical incision is made ________
on the LEFT flank
As part of the breeding soundness exam in the boar, progressive motility of the sperm should be at least ___%
70%
What are the two distinguishable forms of PRRS in pigs?
reproductive failure and post-weaning respiratory disease
- Reproductive failure: premature farrowings, inc. stillbirths/mummies, weak neonates, increased abortion.
- Post-weaning respiratory disease: decreased average daily gain and increased mortality
Should be easy to remember if you remember PRRS stands for Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
