Mare Pregnancy Diagnosis & Twin Pregnancy Flashcards
Endometrial cups in mares produce:
equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)
These cups start to produce eCG between days 35 and 42
If you have an EED past day 38 in the mare, when would you expect her to come back into heat?
100-120 days
If the conceptus dies, the endometrial cups usually maintain their production of eCG until 120 to 150 days of gestation.
Fetal sexing in the mare involves finding the location of the _________
genital tubercle
The genital tubercle is the precursor to the penis in the male and precursor to the clitoris in the female. To determine the sex of the fetus, you find this structure and determine its location relative to other fetal structures. This can be done between ~55-90 days of gestation
In the mare, implantation and endometrial cup formation occurs ~_____ days post-ovulation
35-40 days
T/F: Twins generally occur due to double ovulations
True
Roughly ___% of twin pregnancies reach term in mares
9%
Pregnancy diagnosis can be done as early as ____ days but in general it’s more reliable between ____ and ____ days post-ovulation.
The diagnosis can be done as early as 10 days but in general it’s more reliable between 14 and 16 days post-ovulation.
The reason for the low survival rate of twins is due to:
competition for placental space
In the mare, endometrial cup regression occurs ~_____ days post-ovulation
100-120 days
Survival rate after twin reduction in mares is over 90% if it’s done before ____ days
16-20 days
often mares that have had a twin reduction procedure will be given progesterone and flunixin
Is this 16 D vesicle normal?
Yes.
The equine conceptus is mobile within the uterus until fixation occurs ____ days post-ovulation
16 days
What is the method of choice for pregnancy diagnosis in the mare?
ultrasound
In the mare, the fetal heartbeat becomes detectable ~_____ days post-ovulation
25 days
In the mare, the embryo will enter the uterus ~ _____ days post-ovulation
5-6 days
Maintenance of the pregnancy in the mare after 120 days is primarily the responsibility of the:
Fetal chorioallantois
Pregnancy diagnosis in the mare can be done earlier than in other species because of the presence of the __________
embryonic capsule
- Pregnancy diagnosis in the mare can be done earlier than in other species because of the presence of the embryonic capsule that maintains the embryo in a round shape for the first 20 days.*
- The diagnosis can be done as early as 10 days but in general it’s more reliable between 14 and 16 days post ovulation.*
What is the 2nd most common non-infectious cause of abortion in the mare?
Twinning
1st is fetal maldisposition
In the mare, the pregnancy is no longer dependent on the CL ~_____ days post-ovulation
90-100 days
What day do you want to detect TWINS in a mare?
12-14
Because this is before they attach/fixate. If you need to crush one you need to do it before day 16
