Canine Pregnancy & Postpartum Diseases Flashcards
Taught by Dr. Chapwanya
________ neoplasia is the 2nd most common tumor type in the dog
mammary
A definitive diagnosis for pregnancy in bitches is based on:
- Measurement of Progesterone 21 days after mating
- Measurement of Estrone Sulfate 35 ays after fertilization
- Measurement of Relaxin 28 days after fertilization
- Measurement of body temperature 19 days in diestrus
Measurement of Relaxin 28 days after fertilization
Placentation in the dog is best classified as:
- Zonary endotheliochorial
- Diffuse endotheliochorial
- Zonary hemochorial
- Diffuse hemochorial
- Cotyledonary
Zonary endotheliochorial
Supplementation of calcium during gestation in the dog can predispose the bitch to __________
eclampsia
T/F: OHE is the treatment of choice for both open and closed pyometra
TRUE
Passage of placentas occurs in the ____ stage of parturition in the bitch
3rd
- Retention is rare - consider if purulent discharge occurs postpartum
- Most are passed immediately following fetus within 15 min
Gestation length in the bitch is _____ days after onset of diestrus
56-57 days
T/F: Uterine prolapse has an increased incidence in bitches who have undergone dystocia
True
T/F: The presence of a benign mammary tumor increases the chances of developing a malignant mass
True
Intact female dogs have 7x the risk of developing mammary tumors than OHE bitches.
- If spayed before the 1st estrous cycle, the risk of malignant mammary tumors is _____
- If spayed after the 1st estrous cycle, the risk is _____
- If spayed after the 2nd estrous cycle, the risk is _____
- If spayed before the 1st estrous cycle, the risk of malignant mammary tumors is 0.5%
- If spayed after the 1st estrous cycle, the risk is 8%
- If spayed after the 2nd estrous cycle, the risk is 26%
- If cycled more than twice or >2.5 years of age, there is a loss of sparing effect
Gestation length in the bitch is _____ days from LH peak
65 days
T/F: Dark green or malodorous vaginal discharge prior to whelping is normal and is termed lochia
False
Dark green or malodorous vaginal discharge prior to whelping is a sign of dystocia
What is the most common maternal cause of dystocia in the bitch?
primary uterine inertia
T/F: Large breed dogs are predisposed to eclampsia
False
Occurs primarily in small nervous breeds
This is Type ____ vaginal prolapse
Type 3
entire vaginal circumference (doughnut)
What is the treatment of choice for hypocalcemic tetany (eclampsia)?
IV calcium gluconate to effect
T/F: Eclampsia in the bitch is a condition that is likely to recur
True
T/F: E. coli is the most likely etiological cause of cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the bitch
False
- E. coli is seen as a secondary bacteria infection.
-
CEH is the primary pathology
- In the normal bitch, you’ll see increased numbers of P4 receptors. Estrogen receptors down-regulated due to increasing P4 in diestrus
- In CEH dogs, normal down-regulation of estrogen receptors (due to increasing P4) may be defective, so CEH dogs get prolonged effects of E2 on endometrium**
Normal fetal heart rate in the dog Is approximately:
200-250 bpm
What is the drug of choice to induce parturition in the bitch as long as there is no obstruction to the birth canal?
Oxytocin
Diagnose obstruction by digital exam, ultrasound and radiographs
T/F: The most accurate estimate of gestation length is the length of time from the breeding date
False
This is the LEAST accurate estimation of gestation length
Progesterone levels can be helpful for prediction of whelping date. Serum progesterone levels of 10ng/mL corresponds to approximately _____ hours to whelping
36 hours
Levels decrease to about 4 ng/ml 18 hours prepartum and 2 ng/ml at 9 hours prepartum
For pregnancy diagnosis in the bitch, radiography is safe after _____ days and can be used to count the number of fetuses
40 days
Best done one week prior to due date
In the case of metritis in the bitch, ______ is used to evacuate the uterus
PGF2a
If uterine wall <1-2 mm thick, avoid ecbolics so that there is no risk of rupturing uterus
T/F: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex is an acute or chronic post-partum disease with variable clinical signs and pathologic findings in the bitch
False
CEH-Pyometra complex is an acute or chronic post-estrual disease with variable clinical signs and pathologic findings in the bitch
T/F: False pregnancy predisposes the bitch to reproductive tract diseases
False
When does Relaxin begin to rise during gestation in the bitch?
- 10-20 days
- 20-30 days
- 30-40 days
- 40-50 days
- 50-60 days
20-30 days
A drop in body temperature 24 hours prior to whelping in the bitch indicates a drop in ________
progesterone
Progesterone is “thermogenic”
When can uterine prolapse occur in a bitch?
- Pre-Partum
- During Parturition
- Post-Partum
- B and C only
- All of the above
B and C only
Occurs during or following parturition
What is the gold standard modality for diagnosis of pyometra?
ultrasound
Which of the following are fetal causes of dystocia in the dog?
- Primary Uterine Inertia
- Secondary Uterine Inertia
- Fetal presentation/position
- B and C only
- All of the above
Fetal presentation/position
Inflammation of entire uterus (endometrium and myometrium) is termed:
metritis
T/F: PGF2a (Lutalyse® or Estrumate) can be used for medical therapy of open or closed pyometra
False
- PGF2a (Lutalyse® or Estrumate) is usually only used for medical therapy of open pyometra; may rupture the uterus with closed pyometra*
- Causes smooth muscle (myometrial) contractions for uterine evacuation*
Pregnancy in the bitch can be diagnosed via abdominal palpation at ______ days
21-28 days
Feeling for a “string of pearls” - difficult after day 35
Spontaneous flow of milk from mammary gland unassociated with pregnancy is termed:
galactorrhea
T/F: Ultrasound is an accurate way to diagnose pregnancy but not the number of fetuses present in the bitch
True
Which one of the following is not a differential diagnosis for tissue protruding from the vulva?
- Vaginal hyperplasia
- Enlarged clitoris of an intersex
- Subinvoluted placental sites
- Transmissible venereal disease
Subinvoluted placental sites
The type of vaginal prolapse in the bitch that extrudes the floor and walls through the vulva and looks like a pear is Type ____
Type 2
Vaginal prolapse should regress after ovulation. What drug(s) can you administer to induce ovulation in this case?
GnRH or hCG
T/F: Surgery is always recommended for both benign and malignant mammary tumors
True
