Bovine Infectious Infertility and Abortion Flashcards
Taught by Dr. Hilari French
T/F: Tritrichomonas foetus is diagnosed using preputial scraping samples from the bull in Clark’s media
False
Tritrichomonas foetus is diagnosed using preputial scraping samples from the bull in Diamond media or inPouch.
Campylobacter foetus veneralis is diagnosed using preputial scraping samples from the bull in Clark’s media
Describe the lesions you expect to see on the placenta in a case of Listeria monocytogenes
Pinpoint yellow, necrotic foci on tips of cotyledonary villi with focal or diffuse intercotyledonary placentitis
Bluetongue virus infects cattle and sheep and is transmitted by:
Culicoides (biting midges)
IBR-infected cattle usually abort between ___ and ___ months gestation
IBR-infected cattle usually abort between 4 and 8 months gestation
T/F: All serovars of Leptospira are zoonotic
True
With regard to BVD, what is the primary source of viral spread?
Persistently infected (PI) calves
consistently shedding high numbers of virus particles
What do you call a masturbating cow?
Beef Stroganoff
T/F: Bulls can be carriers of Brucella abortus and the infection can be sexually transmitted
False
Bulls can be carriers of Brucella abortus, but the infection is not transmitted sexually
Neospora caninum causes abortion in the ___ trimester of pregnancy
3rd
Typically at least (abortions can occur anytime)
Fetal death that occurs greater than 260 days is termed:
Stillbirth
T/F: Campylobacter foetus veneralis is transmitted venereally in cattle
True
After coitus, the bacteria colonizes in the vagina and cervix and migrates to the uterus and oviducts, leading to infection and early embryonic death (EED)
What is the definitive host for Neospora caninum?
dogs
Abortions are rarely seen with the venereal form of IBR in cattle. What is typically seen with this form?
vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis
Lesions spontaneously resolve in 1-2 weeks
What is the gold standard for diagnosing BVD?
Virus isolation (VI)
However, this can not be performed on young calves (<6mo) due to interference from maternal antibodies
- Immunohistochemistry (presence of Ag in ear notch sample) is probably the method that is most commonly used (maternal antibodies do not interfere)
- Other methods include PCR and ELISA
Listeria monocytogenes is an organism that is found everywhere in the environment, but is concentrated in ________ and ________
rotting hay and improperly stored silage
In order to be persistently infected with BVD, a fetus must be infected in utero before acquiring immunocompetence. Which of the following strains must a calf be infected with to become persistently infected?
- Cytopathic
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Non-cytopathic
Non-cytopathic
What BVDV biotype produces persistently infected (PI) calves?
noncytopathic
I say “moroccan leather placenta.” You say:
Brucella abortus
To diagnose leptospirosis, you can perform a fluorescent antibody test on maternal urine after administration of __________
furosemide
However, lepto is pretty difficult to diagnose definitively, so we usually just focus on treatment and prevention
T/F: In order to test a bull for Tritrichomonas foetus, he must go through two weeks of sexual rest, followed by once weekly testing for three weeks
True
PCR all positive samples to type
Tritrichomonas foetus organisms primarily inhabit __________ of bulls
preputial crypts
Describe the placental lesions associated with Aspergillus fumigatus in cattle:
Necrosis of cotyledons and thickening of intercotyledonary space
Listeria monocytogenes causes abortion in the ____ trimester
Listeria monocytogenes causes abortion in the last trimester
__________ is the most frequently diagnosed cause of viral abortion in cattle in North America
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1)
Fetal death that occurs between 42-56 days and 260 days of gestation is termed:
Abortion
When are heifers vaccinated for Brucella abortus?
4-12 months of age
The actual time period varies by state
In ~25% of Aspergillus cases in cattle, the skin of the fetus will have __________, which is basically pathognomonic for fungal infection
mycotic plaques
T/F: Campylobacter fetus fetus and Campylobacter fetus jejuni are both transmitted venereally
False
Campylobacter fetus fetus and Campylobacter fetus jejuni are both normal GI inhabitants. They may cause sporadic abortions in cattle, but are not transmitted venereally
Lepto is transmitted primarily in ________
URINE
- URINE, placental fluids, milk, transplacental, semen
- Can survive in wet environment for up to 30 days
- Can penetrate abraded MM
- Persists in renal tubules
Campylobacter foetus veneralis is a Gram [-] microaerophilic rod. It is also called:
Vibrio
How do you diagnose Campylobacter foetus veneralis in cattle?
Clark’s media - preputial scrapings
T/F: Mycoplasma and ureaplasma organisms are both found in the “normal” female reproductive tract in the cow
True
These are not commonly the cause of abortion
T/F: Brucella abortus may be transmitted by intrauterine deposition of frozen semen
True
Sire bulls should be tested for Brucella!
__________ causes ~70% of fungal abortions in cattle
Aspergillus fumigatus
Transmission propagated in winter/spring during increased confinement of cattle in northern hemisphere
Is Leptospira interrogans hardjo-prajitno host adapted or non-host adapted?
host adapted
Most of the host-adapted serovars will have ‘hardjo’ in the name. Host-adapted cause insidious reproductive loss and infertility
How long does uterine involution normally take in the cow?
- 5-15 days
- 15-25 days
- 25-50 days
- 35-75 days
25-50 days
What agent is most likely responsible for a clinically sick cow that aborts?
- Lepto
- Vibrio
- Literia
- Brucella
Listeria
Describe the characteristic lesions associated with leptospirosis in cows
n/a
There are no characteristic lesions. Most of the time there won’t even be clinical signs. You may see hemolytic anemia, hepatic/renal disease, abortion, or photosensitization
What is the primary clinical sign associated with Campylobacter foetus veneralis in cows?
delayed return to estrus
-
Clinical Signs
- Primary = delayed return to estrus
- Rarely observed= vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis
-
Less than 10% abort fetus
- 4 to 6 months
- Bulls- no clinical signs
Fetal death that occurs less than 8 weeks is termed:
Early Embryonic Death
Brucella abortus causes abortion frequently after the ____ month of gestation
5th
- Brucella abortus causes abortion frequently after the 5th month of gestation. Retained fetal membranes and metritis follow.
- Some Brucella infected cows give birth to weak calves that die soon after birth
What does Brucella cause in humans?
Undulant fever
T/F: Non-host adapted forms of Lepto cause abortion storms
True
