Canine Reproductive Infectious Diseases

Question 1

T/F: Ovarian Remnant Syndrome is more common in cats than dogs

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F: Adult onset vaginitis is primarily seen in intact bitches

Answer 2

False

Adult onset vaginitis is primarily seen in bitches that were spayed before their 1st estrous

Question 3

Abortion in the bitch with Brucella canis is most likely due to:

Answer 3

placentitis

B. canis uses prefers the metabolic pathway for the breakdown of erythritol, which is found in the placenta

Question 4

Abortion due to Brucella canis occurs late in gestation in the dog along with what other species?

Answer 4

Bovine

Question 5

Brucella canis causes ________ in the male dog

Answer 5

Orchitis/epididymitis

Will present with swollen testicles and swollen epididymis. (Epididymitis is more commonly seen than orchitis)

Question 6

It is important to test all dogs with ________ for canine brucellosis

Answer 6

enlarged testis

• May try to culture semen, but may be too painful for ejaculation
• Ultrasound to differentiate from other issues (neoplasia)
• Usually treat by castration and antibiotics…

Question 7

T/F: The Rapid Slide Agglutination test is very sensitive, but not specific for Brucella

Answer 7

True

• Very sensitive (accurate when neg) but not specific (accurate when pos) – positive may be other organism
• 95-99% accurate when neg, 20-50% false positive

Question 8

Describe some prevention techniques for Brucella canis

Answer 8

• Test all new additions 3x before introducting to the population
• Test all breeding animals annually to biannually (females prior to breeding)
• AI can decrease male exposure

Question 9

A breeding dog has a unilaterally swollen epididymis with normal testes. You tested the dog for Brucella canis and the test came back negative. What would you recommend to the client?

• Retest the dog for Brucella canis in a month
• The dog is okay for breeding
• The dog should be immediately castrated
• Vaccinate the dog

Answer 9

Retest the dog for Brucella canis in a month

Question 10

T/F: Mycoplasma is a normal inhabitant in the reproductive tract of most female dogs

Answer 10

True

May be normal inhabitant in female reproductive tract in up to 60% of dogs (May also be in males)

Question 11

What is the treatment of choice for Mycoplasma in dogs?

Answer 11

Doxycycline (5-8 mg/kg PO BID)

Question 12

T/F: The critical window for exposure of a naïve bitch to Canine Herpesvirus is 3 weeks pre-partum to prevent infection of the pups

Answer 12

False

Critical window: Last three weeks of pregnancy and first three weeks of neonatal life

Question 13

You are presented with a dam, which normally produces nice and healthy offspring. Today she produces a litter of puppies that are crying, producing greenish stool, and showing abdominal pain, you suspect fading puppy syndrome. What can confirm the in utero infection with canine herpes virus (CHV) in these puppies?

• Intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIB) on histopathology
• Positive AGID test
• Positive PCR test
• Positive RCAT test

Answer 13

Intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIB) on histopathology

Question 14

T/F: Canine Herpesvirus has no effect on subsequent litters in a bitch who has been exposed

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Testicular descent into the scrotum should be seen within _____ days

Answer 15

10 days

Both testicles should be descended into the scrotum by 16 weeks age, but not considered cryptorchid till 6 months

Question 16

Both testicles should be descended into the scrotum by 16 weeks of age, but not considered cryptorchid until ________

Answer 16

6 months​

Question 17

T/F: Cryptorchidism in the dog is hereditary

Answer 17

True

(sex-limited autosomal recessive gene)

Question 18

Treatment of choice for testicular torsion is:

Answer 18

bilateral orchidectomy

Autoantibodies against testicular tissue may begin to form as soon as 4 h after the onset of testicular torsion

Question 19

What is the most common testicular tumor seen in dogs?

Answer 19

Sertoli Cell Tumor

Also bilateral in 45% of cases! - may be associated with feminizing caused by estrogen secretion

Question 20

What are the three most common testicular tumors seen in dogs?

Answer 20

Sertoli (44%), Seminoma (31%), Leydig (25%)

Question 21

T/F: Sertoli cell tumors cause atrophy of the opposite testis

Answer 21

True

Question 22

How do you diagnose incomplete ejaculation in the dog?

Answer 22

ALP (alkaline phosphatase) in seminal fluid (<5000 U/L)

Incomplete ejaculation is a cause of azoospermia in dogs

Question 23

How do you diagnose testicular neoplasia in the dog?

Answer 23

physical examination, testicular ultrasound, testicular biopsy

Testicular neoplasia is a cause of azoospermia in dogs

Question 24

T/F: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a cause of azoospermia in dogs

Answer 24

False

TVT does not typically affect sperm production

Question 25

These lesions were found on a dog in St. Kitts. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 25

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT)

Transmitted by contact to mucous membranes (mouth, genitals, etc..)

Question 26

What breed of dog is genetically pre-disposed to the condition pictured below?

Answer 26

English Bulldogs

• The picture shows urethral prolapse
  
  • Idiopathic or sexual arousal induced
  • Pathognomonic “red pea” appearance at tip penis
  • Tx: surgical removal of prolapsed tissue (urethropexy - pictured below)

Question 27

__________ is the most commonly diagnosed prostatic disease in dogs

Answer 27

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

• Disease of older, intact male dogs – mean age at onset ~8 yrs (can occur in castrated males treated with androgens)
• Clinical Signs – may be asymptomatic, serous to serosanguineous urethral discharge is primary complaint (unassociated with urination), hematuria, rectal tenesmus, dysuria, caudal abdominal pain and infertility
  
  • Constipation with characteristic ribbon-like flat feces

Question 28

Persistent erection is termed:

Answer 28

priapism

Dog usually has a neurological problem that causes it

Question 29

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is observed in ___% of intact stud dogs more than 5 years old

Answer 29

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is observed in 60% of intact stud dogs more than 5 years old

Question 30

__________ is the most common cause of bacterial prostatitis in dogs

Answer 30

E. coli

Castration is treatment of choice

Question 31

A 5-year-old dog presents with ribbon-like flat feces and dysuria. You take radiographs and note prostatic enlargement. After performing a prostatic wash, you observe these cells.

What is your most likely diagnosis?

Answer 31

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 32

What is the most common drug used for treatment of BPH in dogs?

Answer 32

Finasteride (Proscar®)

• 5a-reductase inhibitor - blocks the action of testosterone and/or dihydrotestosterone. Not generally a lifelong treatment but need 3-4 months before decreasing dose*
• The definitive and preferred treatment for prostatic hypertrophy is castration!*