Male & Female Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

The ___________ is the funnel end of the oviduct that captures the oocyte after ovulation

Answer 1

Infundibulum

The surface of the infundibulum is covered with many velvety, finger-like projections called fimbriae, which increase the surface area of the ovary near the time of ovulation. Fimbriae then pass the egg to the ostium of the ampulla

Question 2

Fertilization almost always occurs at the ___________

Answer 2

ampulla-isthmic junction

Question 3

What species does this belong to? Note the corkscrew appearance to the cervix.

Answer 3

Sow

Question 4

The __________ is the part of the female reproductive tract that serves as the major barrier to sperm transport.

Answer 4

cervix

Question 5

This part of the female reproductive tract is common to both the urinary and reproductive tract:

Answer 5

vagina

Question 6

Placentomes are seen with which type of placentation?

Answer 6

cotyledonary

Question 7

In what species can we see placental scars if the animal has ever been gravid?

Answer 7

cats

Question 8

There are four types of follicles present within the ovary. The smallest, most immature follicles are the __________

Answer 8

primordial follicles

The oocyte (egg) within the primordial follicle is surrounded by a single layer of flattened (squamous) cells. The primordial follicle will develop into a slightly more advanced follicle called the primary follicle.

Question 9

The __________ follicle is characterized by having an oocyte that is surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal epithelium or follicular cells

Answer 9

primary follicle

Females are born with a lifetime supply of primordial and primary follicles. Primary follicles either develop into a more advanced secondary follicle or they degenerate.

Question 10

A __________ follicle is characterized by having two or more layers of follicle cells, but without an antrum or cavity.

Answer 10

secondary follicle

In general, the oocyte within a secondary follicle is characterized as being surrounded by a relatively thick translucent layer called the zona pelucida.

Question 11

The __________ follicle is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity called the antrum

Answer 11

antral follicle

Question 12

The corpus luteum produces __________ and is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy

Answer 12

progesterone

Question 13

The infundibulum leads directly into a thick portion of the oviduct called the __________

Answer 13

ampulla

The ampulla occupies 1/2 or more of the oviductal length and merges with the isthmus of the oviduct.

Question 14

Ovulation in the mare occurs in a specific anatomical location called the __________

Answer 14

ovulation fossa

Question 15

Which animal has a cervix that requires this specialized AI pipette?

Answer 15

Sow

Question 16

The cow, sheep, goat, mare, dog and cat all have a what anatomical type of uterus?

Answer 16

bicornuate

Question 17

In which species do we expect to see a bicornuate uterus with highly developed uterine horns?

Answer 17

Dogs, Cats, Pigs

Question 18

The __________ serves as a storage organ for spermatozoa prior to ejaculation

Answer 18

tail of the epididymis

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the male accessory sex glands?

• Bulls, Stallions, & Small Ruminants have prostate, vesicular gland, and bulbourethral gland
• Cats don’t have an ampulla or vesicular glands
• Boars don’t have an ampulla
• Dogs only have a prostate
• All of the above

Answer 19

All of the above​

Question 20

The __________ are enlargements of the ductus deferens that open directly into the pelvic urethra

Answer 20

ampullae

The enlargement is the result of a dramatic increase in the mucosa within the ampulla.

Question 21

The testicular veins in the spermatic cord branch into an elaborate network called the __________

Answer 21

Pampiniform plexus

This plexus eventually forms a single vein that runs into the caudal vena cava.

Question 22

In most mammals, the testes must be ______ ˚C cooler than the body in order for spermatogenesis to occur

Answer 22

4-6˚C cooler

The complex, intimate network of the spermatic artery and the spermatic veins forms a countercurrent heat exchanger

Question 23

In what species do we see a fibroelastic penis?

Answer 23

Bulls, boars, rams

In species with a fibroelastic penis, there is an S-shaped configuration along the shaft of the penis called the sigmoid flexure

Question 24

In what species do we see a musculovascular penis?

Answer 24

Stallion, dog, men

Question 25

The shaft of the penis has an area of spongy, erectile tissue known as the ___________ that makes up the majority of the penile interior

Answer 25

corpus cavernosum

In the ventral portion of the penis immediately surrounding the penile urethra, there is another spongy erectile tissue called the corpus spongiosum

Question 26

The glans penis of the ________ contains a single stiff spiny appendage called the cartilaginous process

Answer 26

alpaca

The function is not known but this modification can cause damage to the cervix and uterus if excessive copulation is allowed.

Question 27

The third or final phase of spermatogenesis is the __________

Answer 27

differentiation phase

No further cell divisions take place during this phase.

Question 28

The duration of spermatogenesis varies between species. How long is spermatogenesis in the bull?

Answer 28

61 days

Question 29

The duration of spermatogenesis varies between species. How long is spermatogenesis in the stallion?

Answer 29

55 days

Question 30

The duration of spermatogenesis varies between species. How long is spermatogenesis in the ram?

Answer 30

47 days

Question 31

The duration of spermatogenesis varies between species. How long is spermatogenesis in the boar?

Answer 31

39 days