Bull BSE, Reproductive Diseases of the Bull

Question 1

What are the surgical management options for preputial laceration in the bull?

Answer 1

• Resection and anastamosis (circumcision)
• Amputation of affected prepuce (plastic ring technique)
• Preputial reconstruction (scar revision)

Question 2

You note this single, pedunculated growth on the penis of one of your young bulls. He’s also been hesitating to breed. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 2

penile papilloma (warts)

• Etiology
  
  • Bovine papilloma virus
  • Homosexual riding among young bulls
  • Enters via wounds
• Treatment: surgical excision

Question 3

What structures should be palpable upon rectal exam in the bull?

Answer 3

• Prostate
• Seminal vesicle
• Urethralis mm.
• Inguinal Rings
• Ampulla

_P_rostate’s _S_omewhere _U_p _I_ts _A_ss

Question 4

What is the minimum acceptable percentage of progressive semen motility in the bull?

Answer 4

30%

Question 5

List all of the accessory sex glands found in the bull:

Answer 5

• Prostate
• Bulbourethral glands
• Vesicular glands
• Ampulla

Question 6

Vesiculitis occurs most frequently in young bulls. The ________ will be painful on palpation

Answer 6

vesicular glands

Question 7

Is preputial prolapse more commonly seen in Bos taurus or Bos indicus?

Answer 7

Bos indicus​

Question 8

Conservative/medical treatment of penile hematoma involves systemic antibiotics and absolute sexual rest for at least ___ days. Roughly ___% return to service.

Answer 8

Conservative/medical treatment of penile hematoma involves systemic antibiotics and absolute sexual rest for at least 60 days. Roughly 50% return to service.

Question 9

Conservative treatment for preputial lacerations in bulls involves “Petercillin,” which is a combination of tetracycline powder, scarlet oil, and anhydrous lanolin.

What is the action of the scarlet oil and lanolin?

Answer 9

pulls fluid out of edema and tissues

Question 10

Surgical treatment of penile hematoma requires surgery be performed between ___ and ___ days after the injury occurred. Roughly ___% return to service.

Answer 10

Surgical treatment of penile hematoma requires surgery be performed between 3 and 7 days after the injury occurred. Roughly 80% return to service.

Question 11

T/F: Epididymitis in bulls is most commonly seen bilaterally

Answer 11

False

Epididymitis in bulls is most commonly seen unilaterally

Question 12

T/F: Rectal examination in the bull aids in semen collection by pre-stimulation for electroejaculation

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the minimum recommended scrotal circumference in the bull > 24 months of age?

Answer 13

34 cm

Question 14

Penile hematoma occurs most commonly in what bull breed?

Answer 14

Hereford

• Ruptures at dorsal aspect of distal bend of sigmoid flexure; insertion of retractor penis mm
• Clinical signs:
  
  • ​Swelling in sheath immediately cranial to base of scrotum
  • Usually symmetrical swelling

Question 15

T/F: Test mating is included in the routine breeding soundness exam

Answer 15

False

Question 16

How is minimum scrotal circumference measured in the bull?

Answer 16

scrotal tape

Question 17

__________ is the closest correlation with daily sperm output in the bull

Answer 17

scrotal circumference

Question 18

Upon semen evaluation, a secondary morphologic abnormality is a defect that originates:

Answer 18

in the epididymis

This is a “transit defect”

Question 19

What is the minimum recommended scrotal circumference in the bull < 15 months of age?

Answer 19

30 cm

Question 20

Upon semen evaluation, a primary morphologic abnormality is a defect that originates:

Answer 20

in the testis during spermatogenesis

This is a “production problem,” usually involving the head and middle piece

Question 21

What is the most commonly employed semen collection method in the bull?

Answer 21

Electro-ejaculation

Question 22

Identify this condition in the young bull

Answer 22

Persistent frenulum

• Etiology: incomplete separation of penis and prepuce
  
  • ​Thought to be inherited
• Treatment: surgical excision (towel clamp, local anesthetic, suture)

Question 23

How do you diagnose penile deviations in the bull?

Answer 23

test mating

Question 24

What is the minimum acceptable percentage of normal sperm morphology in the bull?

Answer 24

70%

Question 25

Under the bull BSE guidelines, to be a satisfactory potential breeder, a bull must pass all four parts of the examination. What are the four parts?

Answer 25

1. Physical examination
2. Minimum scrotal circumference based on age
3. Minimum progressive motility of 30%
4. Minimum of 70% morphologically normal cells

Question 26

One of the major keys to success after surgical correction of preputial laceration is _____ days of sexual rest post-operatively

Answer 26

60-120 days

Question 27

What structures are palpable on rectal examination of the bull?

Answer 27

ampulla, seminal vesicles, prostate, urethralis muscle, and possibly inguinal rings

Question 28

Name the three different semen collection methods:

Answer 28

• Electro-ejaculation (most common)
• Manual massage (usually with young bulls and bulls that don’t like EE)
• Artificial vaginal collection (almost exclusively used at bull stud operations)

Question 29

What is the etiology of this juvenile condition of the bull?

Answer 29

body hair accumulation on penis

• (The image shows penile hair rings)
• Treatment: removal
• Complications
  
  • ​Necrosis of urethra –> fistula
  • Amputation of glans penis