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Large Animal Medicine > Swine Diseases > Flashcards

Swine Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is responsible for orange-yellow diarrhea in young piglets?

A

Clostridium difficile enterotoxemia

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2
Q

What are the gross findings of Clostridium difficile enterotoxemia?

A
  • mesocolonic edema

- colon filled with creamy diarrhea

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3
Q

How is Clostridium difficile enterotoxemia diagnosed?

A

presence confirmed by ELISA on fresh feces

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4
Q

How is Clostridium difficile enterotoxemia treated?

A
  • Virginiamycin in sows before and after farrowing

- Tylosin in piglets

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5
Q

How is Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxemia treated?

A
  • Bacitracin in sows and piglets
  • Salinomycin
  • Vaccination
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6
Q

Which organisms affect piglets 2-10 days of age?

A

Clostridium difficile and perfringens type A

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7
Q

What age group is usually affected by enteric coliobacillosis (E. coli)?

A

neonates 1 day old to pigs 2-4 weeks post-weaning

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8
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with E. coli enteric coliobacillosis?

A
  • Fimbriae
  • Enterotoxins
  • Endotoxins
  • Capsules
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9
Q

What can cause subnormal body temp, shivering, watery diarrhea, vomiting, and fibrinous polyserositis?

A

E. coli enteric coliobacillosis

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10
Q

How is E. coli enteric coliobacillosis diagnosed?

A
  • culture of small intestine

- PCR

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11
Q

How is E. coli enteric coliobacillosis treated?

A

oral or parenteral antimicrobials

- Ampicillin, Gentamycin, Neomycin, Furizolidone, Sulfur drugs

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12
Q

Which organism is responsible for Edema disease?

A

E. coli

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13
Q

Which age group is commonly affected by Edema disease?

A

recently weaned pigs

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Edema disease?

A
  • anorexia, stupor, ataxia, and recumbency
  • paddling and running movements
  • abnormal squeal when handled
  • edema at certain sites
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15
Q

Which age group is usually affected by Isospora suis?

A

1-3 week old, nursing piglets

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16
Q

Which organism causes yellow-clear watery diarrhea, dehydration, rough hair coat, and failure to gain weight?

A

Isospora suis

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17
Q

What is the treatment for Isospora suis?

A

Toltrazuril

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18
Q

Which age group is commonly affected by Rotaviral enteritis?

A

1-6 week old piglets

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19
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Rotaviral enteritis?

A
  • diarrhea

- occasional vomiting

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20
Q

How is rotaviral enteritis diagnosed?

A
  • identified in feces by EM or ELISA

- identified in small intestinal epithelium but FAT or IHC

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21
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with the acute form of TGE?

A
  • vomiting and high mortality in pigs < 3 weeks
  • bright yellow feces in older piglets
  • marked diarrhea in feeder age pigs
  • sows may show vomiting, depression, and refusal to nurse
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22
Q

How is TGE diagnosed?

A
  • FAT or IHC on intestine

- PCR on feces

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23
Q

What age group is commonly affected by Streptococcus suis?

A

nursing or recently weaned pigs

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24
Q

What infection is characterized by septicemia, acute meningitis, polyarthritis, polyserositis, or bronchopneumonia?

A

Strept suis

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25
Q

How is Streptococcus suis transmitted?

A
  • ingestion, inhalation, or nose-to-nose contact

- normally in tonsils of pigs

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26
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Streptococcus suis?

A

young piglets - CNS signs, polyarthritis

older piglets - ataxia, opisthotonus, incoordination, tremors, convulsions, blindness, and deafness

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27
Q

How is Streptococcus suis diagnosed?

A

sample spinal fluid

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28
Q

How is Streptococcus suis treated?

A
  • injectable antibiotics

- water and in-feed antibiotics

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29
Q

What disease is characterized by raised, reddened, ring-shaped lesions on the ventral abdomen?

A

Pityriasis rosea

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30
Q

What disease is characterized by absence of discrete areas of the skin?

A

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta

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31
Q

Which age group is most commonly affected by Erysipelas?

A

growing or adult swine

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32
Q

How is Erysipelas transmitted?

A
  • carriers transmit in feces and oronasal secretions
  • infected animals shed into water, feed, and soil
  • infection through ingestion and skin wounds
33
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Erysipelas?

A
  • fever, cyanotic skin
  • discrete, raised, red-purple areas of skin
  • swollen, painful joints
  • abortion and vulvar lesions
34
Q

How is Erysipelas treated?

A

Penicillin or antiserum

35
Q

What organism causes greasy pig disease?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

36
Q

What age group is most commonly affected by greasy pig disease?

A

pigs less than 8 weeks old

37
Q

Which disease causes brown spots on the skin, covered by serum and exudate?

A

Greasy Pig Disease

- Staph hyicus

38
Q

What organism causes swine dysentery?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

39
Q

What organism causes spirochetal colitis?

A

Brachyspira pilosicolo

40
Q

How is swine dysentery and spirochetal colitis transmitted?

A
  • Ingestion of infected feces

- Shed by mice and dogs

41
Q

Which disease causes mucoid gray-yellow diarrhea that becomes hemorrhagic, and a hunched, gaunt appearance?

A

swine dysentery and spirochetal colitis

42
Q

How is swine dysentery and spirochetal colitis diagnosed?

A

culture from rectal swabs or colonic scrapings

43
Q

Most outbreaks of Salmonellosis in swine are due to which organisms?

A

S. cholerasuis and S. typhimurium

44
Q

How is Salmonellosis transmitted?

A
  • fecal-oral, contaminated feed and water, and aerosols

- Shed in feces

45
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with S. cholerasuis infection?

A
  • acute death
  • inappetence, depression, huddling, weakness, fever
  • cyanosis of skin on extremities
46
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with S. typhimurium infection?

A
  • moderate anorexia and watery yellow diarrhea
  • diarrhea may progress to mucus, fibrin, or blood
  • surviving animals gain weight slowly
47
Q

How is Salmonellosis treated?

A

Gentamycin, Neomycin, Tiamulin, Ceftiofur

48
Q

Which organism causes Porcine Proliferative Enteritis?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

49
Q

Which disease is characterized by hyperplasia of crypt enterocytes?

A

Porcine Proliferative Enteritis

50
Q

How is porcine proliferative enteritis transmitted?

A
  • Carrer swine transmit via feces

- Carrer dams to litter

51
Q

Which disease causes diarrhea with brown-black unclotted blood, pallor, weakness, and rapid death?

A

Porcine proliferative enteritis

- Lawsonia

52
Q

How is porcine proliferative enteritis treated?

A

Tylosin, Tetracyclines, Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Carbadox

53
Q

Which organism secreted 4 exotoxins?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

54
Q

How is Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia transmitted?

A
  • direct contact via nasal secretions

- aerosol

55
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia?

A
  • sudden onset of prostration, high temp, anorexia, stiffness, vomiting/diarrhea
  • shallow, non-productive cough
  • cyanosis and abortion
56
Q

How is Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia diagnosed?

A
  • Isolation an identification
  • PCR of toxins
  • ELISA
57
Q

What organisms cause Atrophic rhinitis?

A
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica

- Pasteurella multocida

58
Q

How is atrophic rhinitis transmitted?

A
  • introduced by inapparent carriers

- infect piglets can transmit

59
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with atrophic rhinitis?

A
  • sneezing, snorting, or nasal discharge
  • “dirty” hair below canthus
  • nose bleeds, growth retardation, deviation of snout
60
Q

What organism causes Glasser’s disease?

A

Hemophilus parasuis

61
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Hemophilus parasuis?

A
  • sudden death
  • CNS: tremors, incoordination, posterior paralysis
  • swollen joints, arthritis
62
Q

How is mycoplasma pneumonia transmitted?

A
  • carriers are source of infection

- nose-to-nose contact and coughing

63
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with mycoplasma pneumonia?

A
  • chronic, persistent, non-productive cough

- dyspnea, growth retardation, and reduced feeding efficiency

64
Q

How is mycoplasma pneumonia treated?

A

antibiotics in water or feed

65
Q

What are the common sites of osteochondrosis?

A
  • Medial femoral condyle
  • Humoral condyle and head
  • Glenoid of scapula
  • Distal ulna
  • Lumbar vertebrae
66
Q

What is the mostly likely cause in pigs that are “dog sitting,” raising their noses upwards, and falling on their sides in spasms?

A

Salt poisoning

67
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with gastric ulcers?

A
  • black tarry feces
  • anemia
  • pallor
  • anorexia, teeth grinding, unthriftiness
68
Q

How are gastric ulcers treated?

A

vitamin K and hematinics

69
Q

What causes post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome?

A

Porcine circovirus 2

70
Q

Which disease is associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome?

A

Porcine circovirus 2

71
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with porcine circovirus 2 infection?

A
  • PMWS: gradual wasting, unthriftiness, rough hair coat, dyspnea, pallor, diarrhea
  • PDNS: red-purple blotches on skin
  • reproductive failure
72
Q

What causes Classical Swine Fever?

A

pestivirus

73
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with classical swine fever?

A
  • high fever
  • huddling, weakness, anorexia
  • conjunctivitis
  • diarrhea
  • cyanosis
  • staggering
  • skin hemorrhages
74
Q

What are the reservoirs for African Swine Fever?

A

warthogs

75
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with African Swine fever?

A
  • high fever
  • anorexia, recumbency
  • erythema, cyanosis
  • bloody diarrhea
  • abortion
76
Q

What is the cause of Porcine Epidemic diarrhea?

A

coronavirus

77
Q

What is the cause of piglets born weak or dead, devoid of hair, and with mucinous edema?

A

iodine deficiency

78
Q

What is the cause of parakeratosis?

A

zinc deficiency of excessive Ca intake

79
Q

How is Rickets usually caused?

A

deficiency of vitamin D or phosphorous

Large Animal Medicine (16 decks)

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