Musculoskeletal Issues Flashcards
What are the typical signs of lameness?
- head bob (down on sound)
- “hunched up” look
- limping, reluctance to bear weight
- on leg stiffer than the other
The majority of lameness is due to lesions on what part of the body in cattle?
lateral claw of the rear foot
What is the rate of growth of the hoof wall?
Of the sole?
Hoof wall - 5mm/month
Sole - 3mm/month
Which part of the hoof as the largest number of vascular pegs?
Wall - 80
What is Interdigital Phlegmon?
- “foot rot”
- damage to interdigital dermis
Which organisms are usually responsible for foot rot?
- Fusobacterium necroporum
- Porphyromonas levii
- Prevotella intermedia
Describe the pathogenesis of foot rot
- bacteria create an anaerobic environment
- tissue destruction via proteases and leukotoxins
- clot formation and ischemia
How is foot rot treated?
- debridement
- antibiotics (Ceftiofur, Oxy, Florfen, Gamithromycin, Tilmycosin)
What is the cause of Digital Dermatitis?
Treponemia species
How is digital dermatitis treated?
- Oxytetracycline
- Footbaths
What are the common locations for solar ulcers?
- lateral claw of hind foot
- medial claw of fore foot
What is damaged in sole ulcers?
dermis and epidermis
What is damaged in solar ulcers?
horn-forming tissue and underlying corium
Why does the toe tip up with laminitis?
the heel is growing faster
What is the lying time goal for cows?
10-12 hours/day
