Small Ruminant Infectious Disease Flashcards
Describe the lambs who are born to dams infected with enzootic abortion of ewes at 60-90 days before parturition
weak, poor doing lambs
Describe the lambs who are born to dams infected with enzootic abortion of ewes at 10-30 days before parturition
normal lambs, but ewe lambs can carry the disease and abort their first lamb
What is the effect of vibriosis/campylobacter on pregnant ewes?
late gestation abortions or weak lambs that die
Describe the lambs who are born to dams infected with bluetongue virus during or shortly after breeding
dummy lambs related to cerebellar hypoplasia
What are the main diseases of the first 5 days of life?
- Navel ill (septicemia, rapid death)
- Pasteurella pneumonia (rapid death)
- Enterotoxigenic E. col (rapid death)
- Clostridium type A (rapid death, slobbering)
- Clostridium type C (rapid death, bloody diarrhea)
What are the main diseases of animals 5 days to 3 weeks in age?
- Cryptosporidia (scours)
- C. perfringens type C (death bloody diarrhea)
- Pneumonia (death or poor doers)
- Salmonella
- Erysipelas (swollen joints, navel ill)
What are the main diseases of animals 3 weeks to weaning?
- Coccidiosis (sudden death, mucky bottoms)
- C. perfringens type C (sudden death, bloody diarrhea)
- C. perfringens type D (sudden death)
What organism causes caseous lymphadenitis?
Cornyebacterium pseudotuberculosis
How is caseous lymphadenitis spread?
- contact with pus from subcutaneous abscesses
- respiratory secretions is abscesses in lungs
- once infected, animal is infected for life
What are the clinical signs associated with caseous lymphadenitis?
- abscesses in or near lymph nodes, in the thorax, or in the abdomen
- abscesses filled with thick yellow-green pus
- chronic wasting, respiratory distress, cough
- neurologic signs depending on location
- “thin ewe syndrome”
How is caseous lymphadenitis diagnosed?
- bacterial culture (definitive dx)
- ELISA for screening
What is the causative agent of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis?
non-oncogenic retrovirus
How is Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis transmitted?
transmitted via colostrum
poor milking hygiene
What is the most common clinical manifestation of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis?
widespread and chronic polyarthritis
What are the clinical syndromes of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis?
- arthritis
- leukoencephalomyelitis
- interstitial pneumonia
- mastitis
How is Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis diagnosed?
serological testing
- AGID, PCR
What is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma?
parapoxvirus
What are the clinical manifestations of contagious ecthyma?
- papules progress to vesicles, pustules, and scabs
- crusty, proliferative lesions for on the lips
- may lead to secondary bacterial infections
What is the causative agent of Johne’s disease?
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
What is the causative agent of malignant edema?
clostridium
What are the clinical signs associated with Bluetongue?
- fever, edema of face, muzzle, and ears
- petechiae and ulcers on dental pad
- lameness
- diarrhea, emaciation
- cyanosis of tongue uncommon
What is the main causative agent of enterotoxemia?
Clostridium perfringens type D
What are the clinical signs associated with enterotoxemia?
- rapid onset of severe depression, abdominal pain, profuse bloody diarrhea, and neurologic signs
- full rumen, hyperemic intestine, glucosuria, hydropericardium
- pulpy kidney
How can enterotoxemia be prevented?
- vaccination
- gradual diet changes
- oxytetracycline in feed
The most important infectious bacterial pneumonia in sheep/goats is caused by which organisms?
Mannheimia haemolytica type A
P. multocida
What are the possible sequels to pneumonia in sheep and goats?
- septicemia
- arthritis
- otitis media
How is Mannheima haemolytica infection treated?
- long acting oxytetracycline
- Penicillin G
- Florfenicol
What are the clinical signs associated with parainfluenzat type 3?
coughing
serous nasal discharge
+/- ocular discharge
What are the clinical signs associated with respiratory syncytial virus?
anorexia
pyrexia
conjunctivitis
cough
Which organism is the cause of mycoplasma pneumonia in sheep?
How is it transmitted?
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
transmitted by respiratory route
Which organism is the cause of mycoplasma pneumonia in goats?
How is it transmitted?
Mycoplasma mycoides in cluster with others
transmitted orally to kids through contaminated milk or colostrum
What organism is the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia?
Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae
What is the causative agent of ovine progressive pneumonia?
ovine retroviruses
What are the clinical signs associated with ovine progressive pneumonia?
dyspnea and respiratory distress
chronic wasting associated with “thin ewe syndrome”
How is ovine progressive pneumonia transmitted?
aerosol and infected milk/colostrum
How is ovine progressive pneumonia diagnosed?
- AGID
- ELISA
- PCR
