Small Ruminant Cardio/Musculoskeletal/Other

Question 1

What are the clinical signs associated with congestive heart failure?

Answer 1

• jugular pulse, distension
• moist cough, tachycardia, submandibular edema
• ascites, exercise intolerance, chronic weight loss

Question 2

What organisms is the cause of filarial dermatitis in sheep?

Answer 2

Elaeophoria schneideri

Question 3

What is the pathogenesis of filarial dermatitis in sheep?

Answer 3

• chronic disease in sheep grazing at high altitude in summer
• larvae migrate into common carotid and internal maxillary arteries

Question 4

What are the clinical signs associated with filarial dermatitis?

Answer 4

• blindness, deafness, and circling

- severe dermatitis on poll, forehead, face, feet, and ventral abdomen

Question 5

Which plants cause heart failure and sudden death in sheep?

Answer 5

• Foxglove
• Lily of the Valley
• Yew

Question 6

What is the causative agent for Heart Water disease?

Answer 6

Erhlichia ruminatium

Question 7

What are the clinical findings associated with Heart Water disease?

Answer 7

• muffled heart sounds
• peracute dz: fever, sudden collapse, convulsions
• acute dz: depression, anorexia, fever, labored breathing, rumen shut down
• subacute dz: fever, coughing, watery eyes, dyspnea, mild nervous signs

Question 8

How is Heart Water disease treated?

Answer 8

tetracyclines

Question 9

What are the clinical signs associated with ionphore toxicity in sheep?

Answer 9

• hyperesthesia and tremors
• recumbency, convulsions, and lack of PLR
• anorexia, diarrhea, rumen stasis

Question 10

What is the primary causative agent of infectious foot rot?

Answer 10

Dichelobacter nodosus

Question 11

What are the other infectious agents associated with infectious foot rot?

Answer 11

• Fusobacterium necrophorum

- Arcanobacterium pyogenes

Question 12

Mycoplasma arthritis is most common in which animals?

Answer 12

young kids

yearling dairy breeds

Question 13

What are the clinical signs associated with Mycoplasma arthritis?

Answer 13

• septicemia, high fever
• anorexia, weakness, rough hair coat
• joint becomes hot, swollen, and painful

Question 14

Bacterial polyarthritis is most common in which animals?

Answer 14

neonates

- sequel to omphalophlebitis

Question 15

Which organisms are the most common causative agents for bacterial polyarthritis?

Answer 15

• Arcanobacterium pyogenes
• E. coli
• Strept and Staph

Question 16

What are the clinical signs associated with bacterial poly arthritis?

Answer 16

• hot, swollen, and painful joints

- moderate fever

Question 17

Bentleg or Bowie is most commonly found in which animals?

Answer 17

lambs grazed on pastures with phosphorous deficiency

Question 18

What is the treatment for clostridial myositis and myonecrosis?

Answer 18

Penicillin

Question 19

What is “Pizzle Rot”?

Answer 19

ulcerative posthitis

Question 20

What is the causative agent of pizzle rot?

Answer 20

C. renale

Question 21

Describe the pathogenesis of Pizzle Rot

Answer 21

• high protein diet increases urea content of urine

- bacteria hydrolyze urea into ammonia which is cytotoxic

Question 22

What are the clinical signs associated with C. tetani infection?

Answer 22

• “sawhorse” stance
• 3rd eyelid protrusion
• hyperesthesia

Question 23

What are the most common causative agents of mastitis in sheep?

Answer 23

• Staph aureus
• Pasteurella
• Strept spp.

Question 24

Which organism is responsible for Club Lamb Fungus?

Answer 24

Trichophyton spp.

Question 25

How is Club Lamb Fungus treated?

Answer 25

Lime Sulfur dip

Question 26

What conditions predispose to rectal prolapse?

Answer 26

• over conditioned
• diarrhea
• parasitism
• coughing
• short tail docking

Question 27

When should animals be given CDT vaccination?

Answer 27

• 1 and 2 months of age
• 6 months
• annually
• 1 month before parturition

Question 28

Which plants are associated with vomiting in the sheep/goat?

Answer 28

Ericaceae family

- Rhododendron, Laurels, Azaleas

Question 29

What is Scrapie?

Answer 29

fatal, degenerative disease affecting the CNS

- oldest known transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Question 30

What are the clinical signs associated with Scrapie?

Answer 30

• behavior changes, nervousness or aggression, intense rubbing and locomotor incoordination
• tremors, head pressing, wool pulling

Question 31

What is hypotrichiosis?

Answer 31

partial or complete absence of hair coat

Question 32

Which species of sheep is most prone to congenital hypotrichiosis?

Answer 32

Polled dorset

Question 33

Which species of sheep is most prone to inherited hyperbilirubinemia and photosensitization?

Answer 33

Southdown