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Large Animal Medicine > Neurological Diseases > Flashcards

Neurological Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Circling and head tilt are indications of a lesion in what location?

A

vestibular

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2
Q

Propulsive movement is an indication of a lesion in what location?

A

frontal lobe

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3
Q

Disturbed sensorium, blindness, and seizures are indications of a lesion in what location?

A

brainstem

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4
Q

Loss of conciousness is an indication of a lesion in what location?

A

cortex

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5
Q

What is responsible for visual reception and interpretation?

A

occipital lobe

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6
Q

What is responsible for initiating and directing voluntary movement?

A

basal ganglia

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7
Q

Spastic ataxia, dysmetria, and tremors are indications of a lesion in what location?

A

cerebellum

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8
Q

What signs indicate UMN disease?

A
  • spasticity and hypertonia
  • spinal reflexes intact and/or exaggerated
  • loss of inhibition of myotactic reflexes
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9
Q

What signs indicate LMN disease?

A
  • hypotonia, hyporeflexia
  • muscle weakness
  • loss of spinal reflexes
  • muscle atrophy
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10
Q

Which disease can result in hydrocephalus?

A

Bluetongue

Akabane

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11
Q

What are the results of vitamin A deficiency?

A
  • interferes with absorption of CSF at arachnoid villi
  • CSF pressure increases
  • blindness followed by seizures
  • papilledema at optic chiasm
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12
Q

What are the possible etiologies of cerebellar abiotrophy?

A
  • autosomal recessive trait of Herefords and Shorthorns

- BVD infection between 100-200 days gestation

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13
Q

What are the brain lesions caused by BVD?

A
  • retinal atrophy
  • optic neuritis
  • cataracts
  • micro-ophthalmia with retinal dysplasia
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14
Q

What is the neurotoxin produced by tetanus?

A

tetanospasm

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15
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of tetanus

A
  • tetanolysin has tissue necrotizing effects
  • TeNT binds to nerve cells
  • inhibits action of inhibitory neurons
  • prevents release of glycine and GABA
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16
Q

The following signs indicate what disease?

  • “Pump-handle” tail
  • “Sardonic grin”
  • “Lock Jaw”
  • Spastic paralysis
A

tetanus

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17
Q

How is tetanus treated?

A
  • wound debridement and penicillin G
  • tetanus antitoxin
  • Acepromazine and Diazepam
  • good nursing care
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18
Q

The following signs indicate what disease?

  • Flaccid paralysis
  • Limberneck
A

Botulism

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19
Q

What type of disease is tick paralysis?

A

ascending LMN disease

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20
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of listeriosis?

A
  • intra-axonal migration to brainstem
  • bind to cells via surface proteins
  • enter cytoplasm via hemolysin
  • multiply, form listeriopods that invaginate into adjacent cells
21
Q

Multiple unilateral cranial nerve deficits is the hallmark sign of what disease?

A

Listeriosis

22
Q

Circling, head tilt, facial paralysis, Silage eye, and dysphagia are all signs of what disease?

A

Listerosis

23
Q

Turbid CSF, softened medulla oblongata, and autolysed fetus are indicative of what disease?

A

Listeriosis

24
Q

What organisms causes thromboembolic meningoencephalitis?

A

Histophilus somni

25
Q

What organisms causes “Sleeper Syndrome”?

A

Histophilus somni

26
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Histophilus somni?

A
  • sudden death
  • ataxia, weakness
  • recumbency, depression, opisthotonos, convulsions
  • closed or partially closed eyes (sleeper syndrome)
27
Q

What organism is usually responsible for brain and pituitary abscesses?

A

Trueperella pyogenes

28
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with brain abscess?

A
  • vision loss in contralateral eye
  • depression, mania, head pressing
  • circling with head tilt toward lesion
29
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with polioencephalomalacia?

A
  • central blindness, ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, head pressing, and hyperexcitability
  • recumbency, seizures, coma, and death
30
Q

What is the treatment for polioencephalomalacia?

A
  • thiamine IV or IM
  • increase forage, add glucogenic precursors, and decrease grain
  • Dexmethasone
31
Q

What is the treatment for nervous ketosis?

A
  • IV glucose

- Oral proplyene glycol

32
Q

What is the main organism responsible for otitis media/interna?

A

Mycoplasma bovis

33
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with lead toxicosis?

A
  • resembles polioencephalomalacia

- sudden death, central blindness, tremors, chewing fits, seizures, bellowing, aggression

34
Q

What is indicated by basophilic stippling and normochromic/normocytic anemia?

A

Lead toxicosis

35
Q

How is lead toxicosis treated?

A
  • remove from source
  • CaEDTA to chelate from bone
  • thiamine early in disease
36
Q

What causes Swayback?

A

copper deficiency during prenatal/perinatal period

37
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with swayback?

A

rear limb ataxia, muscle atrophy, and paresis

38
Q

What is caused by a recessive defect in Charolais calves?

A

progressive ataxia

39
Q

Eosinophilic plaques on white matter in brain/spinal cord indicate what disease?

A

progressive ataxia

40
Q

What is “Weaver Syndrome”?

A

progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy

- inherited disorder of Brown Swiss

41
Q

What are the organisms responsible for vertebral osteomyelitis/spinal abscesses?

A

Trueperella pyogenes

Fusobacterium necrophorum

42
Q

Describe the pathogenesis/life cycle of Hypoderma bovis

A
  • deposit eggs on legs
  • hatch and burrow into skin
  • 1st larvae migrates SQ to spinal cord
  • dormancy for 2-3 months
  • emerge through breathing hold in skin, and fall to ground to pupate
43
Q

What is spinal hypodermosis?

A
  • neurologic signs associated with death of larvae near spinal cord
  • host inflammatory response and toxins released by dying larvae
44
Q

Which organism is responsible for infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle?

A

Moraxella bovis

45
Q

How is infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle treated?

A
  • Oxytetracycline ointment
  • Oxy and Tulathromycin parenterally
  • subconjunctival procaine penicillin injection
46
Q

Which disease is indicated by peripheral corneal edema?

A

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

47
Q

Which organisms are responsible for keratoconjunctivitis in small ruminants?

A

Mycoplasma conjunctivae
Chlamydophila pecorum
Branhamella ovis

48
Q

What is the treatment for keratoconjunctivitis in small ruminants?

A

Tetracycline SQ

Large Animal Medicine (16 decks)

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