Swallowing AR Flashcards
What are the 3 descriptive phases of swallowing?
- Swallowing preparation (voluntary) 2. Passage from mouth to the pharynx 3. Passage down the oesophagus
Which muscle tenses the soft palate?
Tensor palatine
Which muscle elevates the soft palate?
Levator palatine
What muscles are responsible for the horizontal and vertical movements of the hyoid bone during swallowing?
Digastric and the mylohyoid muscles
Explain how the epiglottis prevents food entering the lungs during swallowing
Larynx (and pharynx) are pulled upwards during swallowing. The elevation causes the epiglottis to obtain a more horizontal position and forms a lid over the glottis so food enters the oesophagus
How many sphincters are present in the oesophagus?
- The upper oesophageal sphincter and the lower oesophageal sphincter
Which vertebral levels does the oesophagus start and end?
C6 (the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage to T11 at the cardiac oriface of the stomach
Where does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?
The oesophageal hiatus at the level of T10
Is the oesophagus anterior or posterior to the trachea?
Posterior
In the abdomen: which nerve is in front of the oesophagus?
The left vagus
In the abdomen: which nerve is behind the oesophagus
The right vagus
Is the oesophagus on the left or the right side of the aorta?
Right
In the thorax: which structures are on the left side of the oesophagus?
The arch of the aorta The subclavian artery Thoracic duct Pleura
What is Barrett’s oesophagus?
The change in the epithelium of the lower part of the oesophagus from stratified squamous epithelium (the normal epithelium of the oesophagus) to simple columnar like that found in the stomach. Its associated with adenocarcinoma
Which cranial nerve supplies taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
The facial nerve (VII) - the chorda tympani
Give the order of the 3 indentations of the eosophagus that can be shown by a barium swallow
Arch of the aorta
Left main bronchus
Laft atria
