SUGER histo Flashcards
Where has this been taken?
The vagina
SSNKE - becomes lightly keratinised at the outer (vulva) end
Epithelium becomes thickened with the onset on menarche
Give the name and type of gland which secretes into the lower end of the vagina, near its junction with the vulva
Mucous secreting glands of Bartholin
How is the vagina protected against the entry of pathogens?
Cells accumulate glycogen & flake off
These cells rupture - release the glycogen
Bacteria feed off this and generate lactic acid = reduced pH
What is the lining of the cervix which extends between the internal and external OS?
Tall columnar epithelium that is thrown into folds like glands
Describe the changes that occur to the mucus through the menstrual cycle
At the start the mucus is watery and thin.
Ovulation it becomes thicker and more viscous to act like a plug to prevent microorganisms entering the uterine cavity
What is the epithelium on the outer surface of the cervix?
SSNKE - same as the vagina
What is the arrow pointing to?
One of the fornices
The wall of the vagina is above the arrow and the outer surface of the cervix is below the arrow.
Only one half of the cervix is present in this slide.
What is the significance about the transition between the outer SSNKE to the cervial lining (simple columnar)?
It’s prone to infections and cancerous lesions
Where has this been taken?
Epithelium lining of the cervical canal (high mag) top
With mucus glands at the bottom right
What is this?
Myometrium of the uterus
Thick bundles of smooth muscles running in different directions
3 layers
Vessels run between the inner and middle layers
During pregnancy the uterus increases enormously in size and regresses afterwards. Briefly, how is this achieved?
As the placenta begins to develop there is a burst of mitotic division within the myometrium that increases the number of smooth muscle cells.
However this is of short duration and is not the major mechanism by which the uterus grows. Most of the enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy is due to hypertrophy of the muscle cells (rather than hyperplasia of this tissue).
After delivery the muscle cells loose mass and the uterus returns more or less to its original size.
Describe what happens to the endometrium during the proliferative phase.
Thickness of stroma increases and glands get longer
What phase is this?
Secretory phase
Each month, in women of childbrearing age, the upper functional layer (decidua) is shed at menses but regrows during the first half of the succeeding menstrual cycle (proliferative stage).
From which phase has this been taken?
Proliferative
Tubular glands straight
No mucus
Compact stroma
Straigh vessels
Can dividing cells be seen here?
Yes. Both inside and outside the gland
This has been taken from the endometrium during the proliferative phase
Mitotically dividing cells within glands and stroma!
Around the time of ovulation (days 14 to 16 of the menstrual cycle) the cells of the endometrial glands display large vacuole-like accumulations below their nuclei (sub-nuclear location).
What do these contain and what is the function?
Glycogen
Allows the endometrium to produce mucins to be secretes and line the surface of the endometrium for nutrients for the concepsus should fertilization occur.
From which phase has this been taken?
Glands become irregular and twisted
Secretions in lumen
Stroma become more odemous
Spiral arteries
What is needed to transform the proliferative endometrium into a secretory one?
Progesterone and estrogen
When do the cilia of the uterine tube get longer and beat more strongly?
After ovulation
Creates a tidal flow of fluid down the tube into the uterus
How does the lumen of the uterine tubes change down its length?
UTERINE = star shaped
INFUNDIBULUM = complex folds and wide
Where has this been taken?
Lining of the infundibulum
Simple columnar epithelium
Some ciliated cells, some are secretory
What is shown here?
Primordial follicles
Single layer of squamous cells
With fibroblast like stromal cells
Living of the ovary is at the top
The theca develops into an inner and outer layer.
What is the function of the inner layer?
Inner granulosa cells - secrete oestrogen (theca interna)
Outer theca
Now a secondary follicle
Describe the features of a graffian follicle
Antrum has developed (fluid)
Oocyte is attched to periphery by a stalk called the cumulus oophorus
Where has this been taken?
High magnification of a corpus luteum
Theca interna and blood vessels between them
What is this?
Corpus luteum
What stage of follicle development is this in?
Primary follicle
Single layer of cuboidal cells
What stage of follicle development is this in?
Seconday follicle
Clear outer and inner theaca and the start of the antrum
What stage of follicle development is this in?
Primordial follicles
What stage of follicle development is this in?
Graafian follicle
Mature
