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Phase 1 AR > Skin AR > Flashcards

Skin AR Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

Protection, thermoregulation, sensation, secretion of protective lipids

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2
Q

Which cells in the skin produce keratin?

A

Keratinocytes (mostly cuboidal/polyhedral)

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3
Q

Give the 4 layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum basale = basal layer Stratum spinosum = prickle cell layer Stratum granulosum = granular layer Stratum corneum = keratin layer

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4
Q

Give the 4 layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum basale = basal layer Stratum spinosum = prickle cell layer Stratum granulosum = granular layer Stratum corneum = keratin layer

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5
Q

Where do blisters/abrasions commonly occur?

A

At the dermal/epidermal interface

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6
Q

What is the role of Merkel cells?

A

Merkel cells form synapses with nerve fibers in the dermis to convey information about fine touch

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7
Q

In which layer of the epidermis would you find mitotic cells?

A

Basal layer

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8
Q

Describe dermal papillae?

A

Dermal papillae are made at the wavy boundary between the dermis and epidermis

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9
Q

People with darker skin have the same number of melanocytes but they just produce more melanin. True/false?

A

True

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10
Q

Where are fibroblasts found?

A

The dermis but not the epidermis

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11
Q

Where would you find Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

Mainly around the dermal papillae

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12
Q

What does a Pacinian corpuscle detect?

A

Pressure and vibration

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13
Q

Where would you find a pacinian corpuscle?

A

In the deep dermis/subcutaneous fat

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14
Q

Where are melanocytes derived from?

A

Neural crest cells

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15
Q

Where is melanin transferred to?

A

keratinocytes of basal and prickle cell layers

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16
Q

Which cell is being described? Pale cytoplasm with an irregular shaped nucleus. They recognise antigens.

A

Langerhan’s cells

17
Q

Where are sebaceous glands particularly abundant?

A

Face, scalp, ears, nostrils, vulva and around the anus

18
Q

Where are sebaceous glands absent?

A

Soles & palms

19
Q

What can be found at the dermis?

A

Hair roots, poleaxe of blood vessels, sensory transducers and nerve endings

20
Q

What ducts occur in the breast?

A

Lactiferous ducts (stratified cuboidal epithelium)

21
Q

Which hormones cause the breast to enter a proliferative phase in the first trimester?

A

Oestrogen, growth hormone and cortisol

22
Q

How many opening are there arranged around the nipple and what epithelium surrounds them?

A

12-20 rings lined by keratinised, stratified, squamous epithelium. (Plugged by keratin in a non-lactating breast)

23
Q

Describe the changes to the breast in pregnancy

A

The ducts divide and secretory alveoli develop (columnar surrounded by myoepithelial cells) Alveoli cells mature & secretory material builds up. Storm becomes depleted of adipose tissue

24
Q

Describe the changes to the breast in pregnancy

A

The ducts divide and secretory alveoli develop (columnar surrounded by myoepithelial cells) Alveoli cells mature & secretory material builds up. Storm becomes depleted of adipose tissue

25
Q

What percentage of the epidermis is made up of keratinocytes

A

90-95%

26
Q

How are cells of the stratum basale layer attached to the basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes

27
Q

Where does the dermis develop?

A

Mesoderm

28
Q

Describe the papillary dermis

A

Loose meshwork of thin, poorly organised type 3 collagen, some type 1 and a delicate network of elastic fibres.

29
Q

What do fibroblasts in the dermis produce?

A

collagen, elastic tissue and ground substance

30
Q

Where are apocrine glands found

A

They accompany hair follicles (simple coiled tubular glands)

31
Q

Where has this been taken?

A

Non-hairy skin eg finger

32
Q

What are the small arrows pointing to?

A

Dermal papillae

  • Caused by the irregular (wavy) basal layer of the epidermis.
  • Give rise to finger prints
33
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

A

granular layer of cells that contain keratohyaline granules (precursors of keratin).

  • This is the most superficial of the living layers of the epidermis.
34
Q

What are the green arrows pointing to?

A

Dividing cells (mitotic division) in the basal layer of the epidermis.

These cells are recognized by the pale staining of their cytoplasm and the very compact nature of their nuclear chromatin.

35
Q

What is inplace to prevent the skin breaking when stretched?

A

Desmosomes between the cells of the spinous layer

Makes them look spiny

36
Q

What is this?

A

Sebaceous glands

Oil glnads - sebum = lubricant & kills bacteria

Not found on the palms/soles

Ducts usually empty into a hair follicle

37
Q
A

Phase 1 AR (34 decks)

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