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Surgery 1 > Surgery Of Lung And Pleura > Flashcards

Surgery Of Lung And Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

Superior sulcus tumor symptoms?

A

Shoulder pain, Horner syndrome, numbness.

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2
Q

Best way to locate lung tumor?

A

Chest CT

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3
Q

How we treat lung cancer in stages 1-2?

A

Surgery

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4
Q

What is Bronchiectasis?

A

Dilation of bronchi

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5
Q

Bronchiectasis surgical indications?

A

Coughing up blood (harmopysis), doesn’t respond to treatment, isolated.

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6
Q

How are extra-lobar cysts found and treated?

A

They are found incidentally, and treated via excision

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7
Q

How do intra-lobar cysts present as, and how are they treated?

A

They increase B.F, recurrent pneumonia, and are common in Lower Lobes. They are treated via Lobectomy

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8
Q

What is a Bullae?

A

Air-filled space within the lung parenchyma.

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9
Q

What causes a Bullae?

A

The intrinsic destruction of alveolar tissue

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10
Q

How to treat Bullae?

A

Bullectomy/Lobectomy

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11
Q

Explain Transudate pleural effusion

A

Caused by unbalance of oncotic and hydrostatic pressures

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12
Q

Explain Exudate pleural effusion

A

Caused by inflammation of pleura or decreased lymphatic drainage

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13
Q

Clinical picture of large pleural effusion

A

Dyspnea, cough, chest pain. Diminished breath sounds and dullness

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14
Q

Pleural effusion investigations?

A

CXR, chest CT and US

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15
Q

What is Thoracentesis?

A

The Asipiration of the pleural fluid via a needle

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16
Q

What is the apirate of pleural effusion subjected to?

A

Biochemistry analysis

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17
Q

Pleural effusion treatment for Transudates?

A

Treat underlying cause

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18
Q

How do we treat moderate to massive pleural effusions?

A

Drainage with thoracentesis. Or intercostal tube connected to underwater seal.

19
Q

How to Treat pleural effusion if malignant after drainage?

A

Pleurodesis. A procedure that obliterates the pleural space to prevent recurrence.

20
Q

Explain Pleurodesis

A

A chest tube is inserted, when fluid is drained, a sclerosing agent is added until the space is obliterated, then the tube is removed

21
Q

We can manage patients at home, those with malignant pleural effusion, how?

A

Via an indwelling pleural catheter.

22
Q

What is Empyema?

A

Pus in the pleural space.

23
Q

In Empyema, what are the commonest isolated organisms?

A

Aerobic and Anaerobic

24
Q

General Empyema treatment?

A

Antibiotics

25
Q

Empyema drainage treatment?

A

Thoracentesis or closed intercostal tube drainage

26
Q

What is Chylothorax

A

Abnormal accumulation of chyle in the pleural space

27
Q

Chylothorax if traumatic, and above T5 results in?

A

Left Chylothorax

28
Q

Chylothorax if traumatic, and below T5 results in?

A

Right Chylothorax

29
Q

If Chylothorax is post-operative, how do we examine it?

A

Milky chest tube drainage

30
Q

Chylothorax if non-operative, how do we examine?

A

Physical and radiological evidence of pleural effusion.

31
Q

Chylothorax treatment?

A

Drainage

32
Q

What is Mesothelioma?

A

Tumor arising from a mesothelial space

33
Q

If mesothelioma is diffuse, what is the cause?

A

Asbestos exposure

34
Q

Mesothelioma clinical picture?

A

Dyspnea, weight loss, weakness, anorexia, fever

35
Q

Mesothelioma treatment?

A

Radiation or surgery

36
Q

Hemothorax definition and cause?

A

Blood in the pleural space, most commonly via blunt or penetrating trauma

37
Q

Hemothorax diagnosis?

A

Thoracentesis, CXR

38
Q

General Hemothorax treatment?

A

Airways, IV, monitoring and such

39
Q

In Hemothorax intercostal tube drainage, where is it placed?

A

5th or 6th space in mid-axillary line

40
Q

When do we do a thoracotomy in Hemothorax?

A

If drainage is inadequate

41
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Air in the pleural space

42
Q

Pneumothorax clinical picture?

A

Diminished breath sounds AND hyper resonance

43
Q

Pneumothorax treatment?

A

Pleurodesis, chest tube drainage, surgery if very necessary

Surgery 1 (28 decks)

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