Surgery Of Lung And Pleura

Question 1

Superior sulcus tumor symptoms?

Answer 1

Shoulder pain, Horner syndrome, numbness.

Question 2

Best way to locate lung tumor?

Answer 2

Chest CT

Question 3

How we treat lung cancer in stages 1-2?

Answer 3

Surgery

Question 4

What is Bronchiectasis?

Answer 4

Dilation of bronchi

Question 5

Bronchiectasis surgical indications?

Answer 5

Coughing up blood (harmopysis), doesn’t respond to treatment, isolated.

Question 6

How are extra-lobar cysts found and treated?

Answer 6

They are found incidentally, and treated via excision

Question 7

How do intra-lobar cysts present as, and how are they treated?

Answer 7

They increase B.F, recurrent pneumonia, and are common in Lower Lobes. They are treated via Lobectomy

Question 8

What is a Bullae?

Answer 8

Air-filled space within the lung parenchyma.

Question 9

What causes a Bullae?

Answer 9

The intrinsic destruction of alveolar tissue

Question 10

How to treat Bullae?

Answer 10

Bullectomy/Lobectomy

Question 11

Explain Transudate pleural effusion

Answer 11

Caused by unbalance of oncotic and hydrostatic pressures

Question 12

Explain Exudate pleural effusion

Answer 12

Caused by inflammation of pleura or decreased lymphatic drainage

Question 13

Clinical picture of large pleural effusion

Answer 13

Dyspnea, cough, chest pain. Diminished breath sounds and dullness

Question 14

Pleural effusion investigations?

Answer 14

CXR, chest CT and US

Question 15

What is Thoracentesis?

Answer 15

The Asipiration of the pleural fluid via a needle

Question 16

What is the apirate of pleural effusion subjected to?

Answer 16

Biochemistry analysis

Question 17

Pleural effusion treatment for Transudates?

Answer 17

Treat underlying cause

Question 18

How do we treat moderate to massive pleural effusions?

Answer 18

Drainage with thoracentesis. Or intercostal tube connected to underwater seal.

Question 19

How to Treat pleural effusion if malignant after drainage?

Answer 19

Pleurodesis. A procedure that obliterates the pleural space to prevent recurrence.

Question 20

Explain Pleurodesis

Answer 20

A chest tube is inserted, when fluid is drained, a sclerosing agent is added until the space is obliterated, then the tube is removed

Question 21

We can manage patients at home, those with malignant pleural effusion, how?

Answer 21

Via an indwelling pleural catheter.

Question 22

What is Empyema?

Answer 22

Pus in the pleural space.

Question 23

In Empyema, what are the commonest isolated organisms?

Answer 23

Aerobic and Anaerobic

Question 24

General Empyema treatment?

Answer 24

Antibiotics

Question 25

Empyema drainage treatment?

Answer 25

Thoracentesis or closed intercostal tube drainage

Question 26

What is Chylothorax

Answer 26

Abnormal accumulation of chyle in the pleural space

Question 27

Chylothorax if traumatic, and above T5 results in?

Answer 27

Left Chylothorax

Question 28

Chylothorax if traumatic, and below T5 results in?

Answer 28

Right Chylothorax

Question 29

If Chylothorax is post-operative, how do we examine it?

Answer 29

Milky chest tube drainage

Question 30

Chylothorax if non-operative, how do we examine?

Answer 30

Physical and radiological evidence of pleural effusion.

Question 31

Chylothorax treatment?

Answer 31

Drainage

Question 32

What is Mesothelioma?

Answer 32

Tumor arising from a mesothelial space

Question 33

If mesothelioma is diffuse, what is the cause?

Answer 33

Asbestos exposure

Question 34

Mesothelioma clinical picture?

Answer 34

Dyspnea, weight loss, weakness, anorexia, fever

Question 35

Mesothelioma treatment?

Answer 35

Radiation or surgery

Question 36

Hemothorax definition and cause?

Answer 36

Blood in the pleural space, most commonly via blunt or penetrating trauma

Question 37

Hemothorax diagnosis?

Answer 37

Thoracentesis, CXR

Question 38

General Hemothorax treatment?

Answer 38

Airways, IV, monitoring and such

Question 39

In Hemothorax intercostal tube drainage, where is it placed?

Answer 39

5th or 6th space in mid-axillary line

Question 40

When do we do a thoracotomy in Hemothorax?

Answer 40

If drainage is inadequate

Question 41

What is a pneumothorax?

Answer 41

Air in the pleural space

Question 42

Pneumothorax clinical picture?

Answer 42

Diminished breath sounds AND hyper resonance

Question 43

Pneumothorax treatment?

Answer 43

Pleurodesis, chest tube drainage, surgery if very necessary