Cardiothoracic Trauma

Question 1

What is Resucitation’s acronym?

Answer 1

ABCDE

Question 2

What does the primary survey include?

Answer 2

Resuscitation and treatment of life threatening injuries

Question 3

What is the Secondary Survey?

Answer 3

Investigations and scans

Question 4

What is the Tertiary survey?

Answer 4

Diagnosis phase

Question 5

What is Surgical Emphysema

Answer 5

Presence of air in subcutaneous tissue

Question 6

Surgical Emphysema treatment?

Answer 6

Goes away on its own, find root cause though

Question 7

How do we diagnose Fractured Ribs?

Answer 7

X-ray

Question 8

How do we Treat Fractured Ribs if more than 4 are broken?

Answer 8

Epidural Analgesia

Question 9

Fractured ribs treatment if less than 4 are broken?

Answer 9

Intercostal nerve block

Question 10

What do we always give for Fractured ribs?

Answer 10

Systemic analgesia

Question 11

Why is a First Rib fracture particularly dangerous?

Answer 11

Because it may be associated with the brachial plexus or subclavian vessel injury

Question 12

What is Flail Chest?

Answer 12

Paradoxial movement of a segment of the chest wall due to fractures

Question 13

Typical cause of flail chest?

Answer 13

Blunt trauma

Question 14

Investigations for Flail chest?

Answer 14

Chest x ray

Question 15

Treatment for flail chest?

Answer 15

Oxygen, pain relief, internal chest wall stabilization,

Question 16

Treatment of Sternum fractures?

Answer 16

Analgesia and follow up

Question 17

What is Pneumothorax?

Answer 17

Presence of air in the pleural cavity

Question 18

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by?

Answer 18

Ruptured apical bleb

Question 19

Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by?

Answer 19

Pre existing long diseases

Question 20

What causes Iatrogenic traumatic pneumothorax?

Answer 20

Surgical procedures like lung biopsies

Question 21

Pneumothorax’ have complications, what are they?

Answer 21

Persistent air leak, Hemothorax: from the rupture of the vascular adhesion between lung and chest wall due

Question 22

Tension Pneumothorax treatment

Answer 22

Chest tube drainage, inserted into 2nd space midclavicular line

Question 23

Other treatment for pneumothorax?

Answer 23

Apart from the typical chest tubes, surgery and also Pleurodesis: the obliteration of the pleural space after lung expansion, via an inflammatory reaction

Question 24

In Pleurodesis, the pleural space is obliterated via inflammation between the visceral and parietal pleura, what do we use to induce such reaction?

Answer 24

Tetracycline

Question 25

Name indications of surgery for pneumothorax?

Answer 25

Prolonged leak, failure to expand, tension or bilateral. Essentially anything extreme

Question 26

Explain hemothorax?

Answer 26

Blood in the pleural space

Question 27

What is the most common cause?

Answer 27

Chest trauma

Question 28

Numbers for mild hemothorax?

Answer 28

100-350ml

Question 29

Moderate hemothorax numbers

Answer 29

350-1500ml

Question 30

Numbers for severe hemothorax?

Answer 30

1500-3000ml

Question 31

Hemothorax investigations?

Answer 31

Anemia, thoracentesis for the blood, and CXR

Question 32

Treatment of mild hemothorax?

Answer 32

Aspiration under aseptic technique

Question 33

Treatment for moderate to massive hemothorax?

Answer 33

Intercostal tube, between 5th and 6th space mid-axillary line.

Question 34

Last resort treatment for hemothorax?

Answer 34

Thoracotomy

Question 35

What is Pericardial’s tamponade’s biggest sign?

Answer 35

Beck’s Triad of. Jugular vein distension, hypotension, weak pulse

Question 36

Pericardial tamponade treatment?

Answer 36

Pericardiocentesis

Question 37

Simple Pneumothorax treatment?

Answer 37

Underwater seal at 2nd ICS at MCL