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Preventive And Social Medicine II > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 obstacles of surgery?

A

Bleeding
Pain
Infection

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2
Q

20th century

A 
ABO sys (Landsteiner)
Diathermy
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3
Q

Birth of modern age in anesthesiology (1846)

A

Ether

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4
Q

1956-1980

Its use in dev countries has been mostly replaced by newer anesthetic agents s/a sevoflurane

A

Halothane

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5
Q

1847

A

Hand washing - Ignaz Semmelweis

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6
Q

1867

A

Sterility abd Gloves - Joseph Lister

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7
Q

1928

A

Penicillin - Alex Flemming (wöw alex close kau)

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8
Q

An operation that involves surgical implementation of implants for purpose of repairing a bone.

It may be made of stainless steel, titanium, alloy, cobalt-chrome alloy

A

Internal fixation

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9
Q

What is a surgical procedure to restore normal bld flow to an obstructed coronary artery?

A

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

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10
Q

-ectomy

A

Remove surgically

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11
Q

-orraphy

A

Surgical repair

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12
Q

-otomy

A

Surg incision

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13
Q

-ostomy

A

Create opening between 2 organs, or organ and skin

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14
Q

-plasty

A

Surg shaping or formation

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15
Q

Going in the direction of flow

A

Antegrade

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16
Q

A collection of pus in a body cavity

A

Empyema

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17
Q

Surgical removal of the inner lining of an artery that is clogged with atherosclerosis

A

Endarterectomy

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18
Q

On mass; all together

A

En bloc

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19
Q

A surgical procedure making tucks in the fundus of the stomach around the lower end of the oesophagus

A

Fundoplication

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20
Q

Localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the bld supply

A

Infarction

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21
Q

The infolding of one segment of the intestine within another

A

Intussusception

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22
Q

An inadequate supply of bld to a part of the body c/b blockage of an artery

A

Ischemia

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23
Q

Curved inti 2 directions

A

Sigmoid

24
Q

Surgical opening

A

Stoma

25
Q

Obtaining pictures of the interior of the body

A

Tomography

26
Q

A non-traumatic discontinuity of an epithelial surface

A

Ulcer

27
Q

What is the oldest known disinfectant?

  • wc are toxic to nb, corrosive to skin
  • found in mouthwashes, disinfectant soaps, and handwahes
A

Phenol

28
Q

Exhibits efficacy against difficult to kill non-enveloped viruses s/a norovirus, rotavirus, or polio

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats)

- Benzalkonium Chloride

29
Q

What is the most common chemical sterilization mtd?

A

ETO

30
Q

What is the most common ethylene oxide processing mtd?

A

Gas chamber mtd

31
Q

Loss of response to pain (general anesthesia)

A

Analgesia

32
Q

Loss of motor reflex (general anesthesia)

A

Immobility

33
Q

Unconscious

A

Hypnosis

34
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxation and normal muscle relaxation (general anesthesia)

A

Paralysis

35
Q

In general anesthesia, thus us the period between adm of induction agents and loss of consciousness

Px progress from analgesia w/o amnesia to analgesia w amnesia

A

Stage 1 (Induction) - can conversate

36
Q

Period ff loss of consciousness and marked by excited and delirious activity

Respiration and HR = irregular

May have unctrlled movements, vomiting, suspension of breathing, and pupillary dilation compromising px qirway

A

Stage 2 (Excitement Stage)

37
Q

The skeletal muscle relax, vomit stops, respi depression occurs, and eye movements slow then stop

Px unconscious and ready for surg

A

Stage 3 (Surgical anesthesia)

38
Q

Sever brainstem or medullary depression

Results in a cessation of respi and potential cardiovascular collapse

A

Stage 4 (OD)

39
Q 
Below L1/L2, where spinal cord ends
Inj: subarachnoid space (dura mater) --> CSF appears
Doses: 2.5-3.5mL Bupivacaine 0.5% heavy
Rapid 2-5 mins
More dense
Headache is prob a complication
A

Spinal anesthesia

40
Q 
Any lvl
Inj: epidural space
Peridural space
15-20mL Bupivacaine 0.5%
Slow
Less dense

Headache probs NOT a complication

A

Extradural anesthesia

41
Q

What are the ways to decrease complications?

A

Incentive spirometry
Early postop ambulation
Chest physical therapy
DVT prophylaxis by sequential compression device (SCD) and subcutaneous heparin

42
Q

Cockcroft Gault Equation

A

[(140-age) x Ideal body wt in kg]/72 x plasma crea (mg/dL)

43
Q

Non per os hrs prior to surgery

A

Solids 6-8 hrs

Liq 2-3 hrs

44
Q

Aspirin

A

Avoid 7-10 days preop to allow plt to regenerate

45
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

A

Hold for 5-7 days

46
Q

Antihypertensives

A

Continue esp Beta blockers; hold diuretics the morning of surgery

47
Q

Antithyroid meds

A

Hold in morning of surgery

48
Q

5Ws of Post-op Fever

A 
Wind (most common cause of fever day 1)
Water (UTI dehy)
Wound 
Walking (DVT)
Wonder drugs (unexplained origin)
49
Q

Collection of fluid in the vicinity of a wound that isn’t bld or pus

D/t creation of potential space combined w disruption of local draining lymphatic cahnnels

A

Seroma

50
Q

Must be done to avoid permanent disability or death, but can be postponed for a short time

A

Semi-elective surgery (urgent)

51
Q

Must be done promptly to save a life, limb, or fxnal capacity

A

Emergency surgery (w/in 6 hrs)

52
Q

Process of wound healing

A

HIPR

Hemostasis
Inflammation
Proliferative phase
Remodelling phase

53
Q

Proliferative phase 3 distinct stages

A

Filling the wound
Contraction of the wound margins
Covering the wound (epithelialization)

54
Q

How many days can proliferative phase last?

A

4-24 days

55
Q

Remodelling phase lasts

A

Often from 21 days to 2 years

56
Q

FORE SURGICAL SPEAK

A

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Preventive And Social Medicine II (32 decks)

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