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Preventive And Social Medicine II > Alcoholism And Drug Abuse > Flashcards

Alcoholism And Drug Abuse Flashcards

1
Q
  • abuse recommended limits - 2 or 3 std drinks per day
  • results to physical, mental, or social harm
  • harmful consequences, control use difficulty, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms
A

Alcoholism

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2
Q

Epidemiology of alcoholism

A
  • M:F 3:1
  • 20-35 y.o.
  • large and smol metropolitan area
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3
Q

What are the commonly abused drugs?

A

Depressants
Stimulants
Hallucinogens

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4
Q

What are examples of depressants?

A

Alc
Opium derivatives
Sedative-hypnotics

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5
Q

What are examples of stimulants?

A

Cocaine
Amphetamines
Solvents/inhalants

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6
Q

What are examples of hallucinogens?

A

MJ

LSD

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7
Q

What is the toxic/lethal dose of amphetamine?

A

100mg

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8
Q

What are the s/sx of amphetamine?

A 
Elation
Irritability
Hyperactivity
Rapid speech
Anorexia
Hyperreflexia
Insomnia
Dry mouth
Chest pain
Arrythmia
Heart block
Poor conc
Restlessness
Psychotic symptoms
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9
Q

Emesis or lavage can be effective long after ingestion bcs of recycling through gastric mucosa; reduce external stimuli; treat cerebral edema and hyperthermia; peritoneal dialysis; sedate w chlorpromazine 0.5

1mg/kg IM or by mouth every 30 mins as needed; use 1/2 the dose for mixed amphetamine-barbiturate OD

A

Tx: amphetamine

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10
Q

What has their major effects through the dopaminergic system?

A

Classic Amphetamine drugs

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11
Q

What are examples of Classic Amphetamine drugs?

A

Dextroamphetamine
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate

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12
Q

What are synthesized and have their neurochemical effects on both the serotonergic and the dopaminergic systems and behavioral effects that reflect a combination of amphetamine-like and hallucinogen-like activities?

A

Designer amphetamines

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13
Q

What are examples of Designer Amphetamines?

A

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
MDEA (N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
MMDA (5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
DM (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine)

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14
Q

What are the other names of:
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
MDEA (N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
MMDA (5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
DM (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine)

A

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
- ecstasy, XTC, Adam

MDEA (N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
- Eve

MMDA (5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)

DM (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine)
- STP

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15
Q

Between coke and amphetamine, which is less addictive?

A

Amphetamines

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16
Q

What are the primary effects of classic amphetamines?

A

By causing the release of catecholamines, particularly dopamine, from presynaptic terminals

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17
Q

The effects are particularly potent for what neurons that project from the ventral tegmental area to cerebral cortex and limbic areas?

A

Dopaminergic neurons

18
Q

What has the activation that’s probably the major addicting mechanism for the amphetamines?

A

Reward pathway

19
Q

The designer amphetamines cause the release of what?

A

Cathecolamines and serotonin

20
Q

What neurotransmitter is implicated as the major neurochemical pathway involved in the effects of the hallucinogens?

A

Serotonin

21
Q

The clinical effects of these is a cross between the effects of the classic amphetamine and the effects of hallucinogens

A

Designer amphetamine

22
Q

What is taken up in serotogenic neurons by the serotonin transporter responsible for the serotonin reuptake?

A

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

- ecstasy, XTC, Adam

23
Q

Once in the neuron, it causes rapid release of bolus of serotonin and inhibits the activity of the serotonin-producing enz

A

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

- ecstasy, XTC, Adam

24
Q

Px who r taking SSRI e.g fluoxetine (Prozac) - cannot get high awww when they take MDMA because what?

A

SSRI prevent the MDMA from being taken up into the serotogenic neurons

25
Q

Very pleasurable neurotransmitter that is increasing and produces addiction; schizophrenia

A

Dopamine

26
Q

Related to depression or mood disorders in low lvls

A

Norepinephrine and serotonin

27
Q

Associated w Alzheimer’s; lack memory; concentration and vit D complex, best exercise reading and understanding

A

AchE

28
Q

What is the seed of our memory?

A

Hippocampus

29
Q

Neurotransmitter release

Second messenger systems

A

Short term effect

30
Q

Alterations in gene transcription
Reorganization of neural circuitry
Alteration in synaptic structure
Altered behaviors of indiv

A

Long term effect

31
Q

Changes in CHON synthesized

CHON affect the fxn of neurons

A

Alterations in gene transcription

32
Q

Changes in neurotransmitter release
The status of neurotransmitter receptors
Receptor-mediated signaling
Number of ion channels

A

Reorganization of neural circuitry

33
Q

Increase in number of dendritic spines of the neurons of the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex

Loss of dentrites in hippocampus

Important in memory (ass w amnesia)

A

Alteration in synaptic structure

34
Q

Steeling, irritable
Hallucinations
Psychopathic/antisocial behavior, personality changes

A

Altered behaviors of individual

35
Q

Activated by all psychoactive subs

Plays a key role in motivation and learning

A

Mesolimbic system (behavioral process)

36
Q

Alcohol end point product

A

CO2 and water

37
Q

Increase inhi activity of GABA-A receptors
Decrease excitatory activity of glutamate receptors
Causes mem loss, coordination, anxiolysis (anxiety loss), sedatives

A

MoA of alcohol

38
Q

Anxiety, insomnia, anti convulsants, antispasmodic, amnesic

A

Benzodiazepines

39
Q

Stimulates dopamine transmission in nucleus accumbens and amygdala

A

Tobacco

40
Q

What are appetite suppressants for narcolepsy and ADHD?

A

Amphetamine

41
Q

Tx of seizures

A

Midazolam

Pentobarbital

Preventive And Social Medicine II (32 decks)

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