L2: Violence Against Women Flashcards
Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm to suffering women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life.
UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, 1993
Violence throughout a woman’s life cycle during CHILDHOOD
● Neglect
● Physical abuse
● Sexual abuse
● Child Marriage
● Incest
● Female Genital Mutilation
What was stratified this year 2023, prohibiting individuals under the age of 18 to engage in live-in relationships?
Anti-early Marriage Law
Violence throughout a woman’s life during CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENCE, AND ADULT LIFE
● Denial of education, health care or food
● Early or unwanted pregnancy
● Sexual harassment
● Trafficking
● Rape
● Honor killings
● Forced labor
● Elderly abuse
According to statistics, the highest number of sexual abuse victims fall within the age range of
12-15 years old
An Act Declaring Sexual Harassment Unlawful in the Employment, Education or Training Environment and for other purposes
RA 7877
What is the MOST PREVALENT form of violence against children, vulnerable groups, and women?
Rape
Refers to any act or a series of acts committed by any person against a woman who is his wife, former wife, or against a woman with whom the person has or had a sexual or dating relationship, or with whom he has a common child whether legitimate or illegitimate, within or without the family abode, which result in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic abuse including threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary deprivation of liberty.
ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN & THEIR CHILDREN ACT OF 2004 ( R.A. 9262)
Forms of DomVi
● Physical
● Psychological
● Emotional
● Sexual
● Economic/Financial
Who engages in behaviors to establish and maintain power and control over their partner’s actions, thoughts and feelings?
Batterers
Violent behavior is learnt thru
Observation
Exposure
Reinforced
Violent behavior is reinforced when peers and authorities fail to
Sanction batterers for violence
Batterers usually use these:
○ Intimidation
○ Emotional Abuse
○ Isolation
○ Minimize, denying, blaming
○ Using children
○ Male privileges
○ Economic abuse
○ Coercion and threats
Reports of DomVi
Physical violence usually occurs together with emotional violence
● 3-20% or 20-30% of women experience violence during pregnancy
● Between 16-50% of women worldwide have experienced
physical partner abuse
● 30% to 50% of all women murdered are killed by their
partners.
● 90% of battered women never report their abuse.
● Battering contributes to 25%-50% of all suicide attempts by
women, especially in the teenage years.
● Globally, 1/3 to 1/2 of all physically abused women also
report sexual violence
● 1 out of every 3 women seen in ER are victims of domestic
violence
● ER visits for battering victims is more than for muggings,
rapes and traffic accidents combined
● Weapons are used 30% of the time.
● 50% of all homeless women and children are fleeing
Domestic Violence.
Phases of Cycle of Violence
Tension building phase
Battered phase
Honeymoon phase
Cycle of violence
Incident (trigger) → Tension building (angry spouse, tension, communication breakdown) → Battering → Making-up (honeymoon phase, apology, blame victim, deny abuse)
- A defilement of the most intimate and humiliating kind
○ Forced to do sexual act you don’t want to do - Designed to rob victims of their subjectivity and self-respect, asserting that they are quite literally the total property of another, to be used for their own gratification
- Form of violence, as compared to all forms of violence & force, battered women who had killed their husbands were reluctant to disclose (Browne A, 2000)
Sexual violence
What is a leading cause of death in pregnancy?
Homicide
Homicide examples
Abruptio placentae
Ruptured uterus
What are the consequences of IPV during pregnancy?
- Later entry into prenatal care
○ And you dont access on family planning
○ Multiple pregnancy you really have to caution why
later ang prenatal care - Direct effects on the fetus possible
○ Such as Abruptio placentae, ruptured uterus, and deformities - Indirect effects on the fetus from
○ Maternal stress, smoking or i alcohol or drug use
which are associated with low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, fetal alcohol syndrome, premature labor
“the psychological, emotional and behavioral reactions and deficits of victims and their inability to respond effectively to repeated physical and psychological violence (Waker, 1979)
Battered Woman Syndrome
