Bullying Flashcards
Epidemiology
According to the National Baseline Study on Violence against Children:
Philippines, 3 out of 5 Filipino children were bullied, with the estimated total prevalence for males at 81.5% and 78.4% among females.
Males vs females
Home: 48.33% girls, 47.33% boys
Severe physical violence requiring hospitalization: 4% male, 2.2% female
Psychological abuse: 8% female, 7.9% male
Sexual violence: 24.7% male, 18.2% female
- sexual v in school 6.7% male, 4.5% female
- sex vio in community 12.8% male, 6.4% female
- home 1.8% female, 1.4% male
Among the PISA-participating countries, the information reported by students reveals that the Philippines has the highest incidence of bullying
with 65% of students reporting that they were bullied at least a few times a month, compared to 23% on average across OECD countries.
● 29% of students reported skipping a day of school, and 61% of students had arrived late for school.
What is bullying in a covert manner. When the
bully spreads rumors, manipulates relationships, excludes or isolates victims, gives threatening looks, restricts the victim where he cannot sit or who to talk to, hand gestures, anything that makes the victim uncomfortable?
Social bullying
● affects almost half of Filipino children aged 13-17 year old
● 43.8% children; 44% males & 43% females
● Female are sent messages of sexual nature or content than male
Cyber bullying in the PH
However, twice as many males than females reported having their nude body or sexual activities, whether real falsified, shown on the internet or cell phone.
Cyber bullying in the PH
● Premeditated
● Predictable
● School
● Can hide in a safe place
● Aggression
● Face-to-face
● See facial & body reactions of victims & onlookers
● Bully is known
● Bullies, by-standers, target
● Only onlookers
see/private
● Clear predictors &
risk factors
Traditional bullying
● Impulsive, not planned
● Happens anytime, anywhere
● No geographical limits, 24/7/365
● No safe place to hide
● +/- aggression
● Behind the computer
● Harder to empathize with the victim
● Anonymous
● Cyberbully ↔
target ↔ witness
● Wider audience/public
● Unclear predictors & risk factors
Cyber bullying
● Lack of adult monitoring
● Can cause mental anguish
● Long-term or short-term
● Victims can become the bully
● Protective factor - high-quality relationships with important adults
BOTH traditional & cyber bullying
If someone says or does something once and it’s unintentional
Rude
If someone says or does something once and it’s intentional
Mean
If someone continues to intentionally say or do something repeatedly
Bullying
Victims
There is perceived resistance or children that are gender fluid or ambiguous persons that do not fit into the normal/binary gender norms
○ Usually lesbians and gays, transgenders and bisexuals because of their sexual orientation
Girls are more likely to experience sexual violence and harassment
Boys more on physical violence
What are the root causes of SRGBV?
❤️🩹Gender Discriminatory Norms
● Men are supposed to be dominant
● Women are supposed to be subservient
● Men can only maintain dominance through violence
❤️🩹Social Norm
● Males always look up as to whoever has the authority
● Justifies the males and adults to teach discipline and
control and to use violence as to not maintain that authority
● These norm that supports the norms of males and female
teachers over children, including the use of violence
● To teach, control and use violence to maintain authority
❤️🩹Wider Structural and Contextual Factors
● Income inequality, deprivation
● Borderless social media
● Can lead to online bullying, online grooming and controlling
in online spaces that are harder to police and regulate
CONSEQUENCES OF SRGBV on PHYSICAL HEALTH AND HEALTH RISK BEHAVIOR OUTCOME
● Injuries, including bruises, burns, fractures, gun wounds and stabbings
● Lacerations and abrasions
● Disability
● Genitourinary symptoms
● Unwanted Pregnancy
● STIs including HIV
● Eating Disorders
● Substance Misuses
● Risky Sexual Behavior
CONSEQUENCES OF SRGBV on MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES
● Anxiety and Anger or Hostility
● Low Self Esteem
● Suicide, Ideation, Attempts and Actual Suicide
● Self Harm
● Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
● Shame
● Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
● Dissociation
● Loss of Memory
● Depression
CONSEQUENCES OF SRGBV on VIOLENCE OUTCOMES: COMMITTED AGAINST OTHERS
● Bullying
● Further Abuse
● Carrying a Weapon
● Conflict with the Law
● Intimate Partner Violence
● Sexual Harassment
● Intergenerational
Reproduction of Violence; Impacts of being a Victim
CONSEQUENCES OF SRGBV on EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
● Lack of Concentration
● Inability to Study
● Failing Grades
● Disruption in Classes
● Non-School Attendance
● Dropping Out
Risk factors of SRGBV
Individual
● Biological, personal history and demographic characteristics
● Lack of awareness of individual and collective rights
● Sex, age, ethnicity, disability
● Sexual orientation and gender identity
● Low level of education
● Low economic status
● Geographic location
● Lack of birth registration
● Living with or affected by HIV and AIDS Family
● Low value accorded to the girl child in family settings
● Lack of parental care
● alcohol/substance abuse in family settings
● Intergenerational violence and tolerance of sexual, emotional, and physical violence in the family
● Lack of awareness of SRGBV and the rights of children and adolescents
School
● School-level factors
● Lack of knowledge and awareness around SRGBV
● Lack of school level capacity to prevent, identify, and
address SRGBV incidents
● Lack of effective oversight mechanism and teachers/school
staff able to perpetrate violence or abuse with impunity
● Lack of safe, secure, and welcoming physical spaces within educational settings
Community
● Existing social norms and community-level factors
● Lack of culturally appropriate and accessible services to report and respond to SRGBV, including child protection
health and social services
● Tolerance of emotional, sexual, and physical violence in the
community
● Persisting patriarchal values that support gender
inequalities
Society
● (larger societal factors that create an acceptable climate for violence)
● Lack of legislation banning of forms of violence against children, including SRGBV
● Lack of a comprehensive policy framework to prevent and address SRGBV
● Lack of coordination between key sectors around SRGBV
● Persisting and patriarchal values that (photo was cropped)
● And the child is always in a relationship, especially with the
immediate family
○ Any family relationship is very, very important
○ Risk factors will make the family members abuse the child
○ Or, protecting factors will help protect the child in the community or even in the society
Key principles in SRGBV interventions
● It should be a holistic ‘whole-school’ approach, not just one child
● It should be context-specific
○ Meaning, if we’re dealing with violence, deal with
violence
● It should be child-centered, taking a ‘do no harm approach, even including the bully
● Approach should be developmentally appropriate (i.e.,
appropriate for the age of the child. A 10-year old victim will be approached differently vs a 17-year old victim)
● There must be participation including the students
○ Students must also participate in the decision-making as to what sanctions should be done
● Should be gender responsive and transformative
○ We have to take into consideration all the other
children and the LGBTQ community
