Rcognizing Abuse

Question 1

Incidence of Filipino children experienced abuse at least once in their lifetime.

Answer 1

8 out of 10 (80%)

Question 2

Incidence of children that experience physical violence, most of which are corporal punishment happening at home committed by parents and siblings

Answer 2

1 in 3 children

Question 3

Incidence of children who experience psychological violence in the form of verbal abuse, threats, or neglect.

Answer 3

3 in 5

Question 4

Involves training and helping them develop:
● Judgment
● A sense of boundaries
● Self-control and
discipline
● Self-sufficiency
● Positive social conduct

Answer 4

Discipline

Question 5

Results in:
● Relationships to break
down
● Humiliation
● Physical injury
● Serious impairment

Answer 5

Punishment

Question 6

Includes creating positive and supportive parent-child relationships, strengthening desired behaviors, and decreasing or eliminating undesired behaviors that leads to development of internal control.

Answer 6

Discipline

Question 7

What is a system of teaching or training children the proper way to behave, differentiate right from wrong, and how to make the right decisions?

Answer 7

Discipline

Question 8

Uses a negative stimulus to reduce undesired behaviors, such as verbal reprimands and corporal punishments (i.e., the application of physical pain) and relies on external control and consequences.

Answer 8

Punishment

Question 9

○ Entails the use of physical force intended to cause some degree of pain or discomfort for discipline, correction and control, changing of behavior, or in the belief of educating/ bringing up the child.

○ This ranges from slapping the hand of a child due to an undesired behavior to actual child abuse such as hitting or scalding.

○ Many continue to use it as a discipline strategy because of religious and cultural beliefs.

Answer 9

Corporal Punishment

Question 10

Alternatives to corporal punishment methods - better approach rather than hitting a child:

Answer 10

○ Distraction and redirection
○ Cooling-off period - fixing
○ Setting of rules and limits - appropriate to child’s age
and developmental level
○ Problem-solving
○ Withdrawal of privileges

Question 11

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ABUSIVE PARENT/CAREGIVER

● Usually guilty of physical abuse will tend to:

Answer 11

● Conceals the child’s injury
● Does not appear to be concerned about the child

■ They will try to justify their fault to the child
○ Describes the child as bad, different, or evil
○ Believes in severe discipline or inappropriate discipline
for child’s age and size
○ Have unrealistic expectations
■ Regarding development and emotional gratification (Example, they expect a 2 year old to eat cleanly on their own and will get angry if the child makes a mess)
■ Expects the child to feel emotionally void

Question 12

Child sexual abuse is to engage a child in sexual activities that he or she:

Answer 12

○ Does not fully comprehend
○ Is unable to give informed consent (i.e. statutory rape)
○ Is not developmentally prepared for
○ Or else that violate the laws or social taboos of society

Question 13

Sexual abuse may include but is not limited to:

Answer 13

○ Inappropriate exposure to adult sexuality such as
exhibitionism and showing of pornographic pictures
and videos.
○ Direct sexual contact or inducement or coercion of a child to engage in any unlawful sexual activity
○ Exploitative use of a child in prostitution or other unlawful sexual practices
○ Making a child available to others either directly or
indirectly for immoral and illegal acts, such as through pornography

Question 14

It is frequently carried out with physical force but rather with manipulation (e.g psychological, emotional or material)

Answer 14

Sexual abuse

Question 15

Usual perpetrators

Answer 15

○ Neighbors
■ Neighbors have always topped the list of reported perpetrators through years
○ Relatives
○ Boyfriends

Question 16

Sexual abuse: Red flags 🚩

Answer 16

● Shows sexually proactive behavior or knowledge that is incompatible with the chail’s age & understanding
● Sexually transmitted infections
● Pregnancy
● Psychosomatic illness
● Suicidal behavior

Question 17

is the most common presentation because a child will most likely tell the things that they have not experienced.

Answer 17

Disclosure of abuse

Question 18

Upon examination, only ___ of the cases will have injuries or abnormal findings and you will see normal results or no injuries ___ of the time.

Answer 18

Upon examination, only 5% of the cases will have injuries or abnormal findings and you will see normal results or no injuries 95% of the time.

Question 19

A recent study reported that only _____ of sexually abused girls that were examined non-acutely had diagnostic physical findings. While among those examined acutely, the prevalence of injuries was ____.

Answer 19

A recent study reported that only 2.2% of sexually abused girls that were examined non-acutely had diagnostic physical findings. While among those examined acutely, the prevalence of injuries was 21.4%.

Question 20

The involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not fully comprehend, is unable to give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared, or else that violate the laws or social taboos of society.

Answer 20

Sexual abuse

Question 21

Sexual abuse may include but is not limited to:

Answer 21

○ Inducement or coercion of a child to engage in any
unlawful sexual activity
○ Exploitative of a child in prostitution or other unlawful sexual practices
○ Exploitative use of children in pornographic
performance and materials

Question 22

3 types of sexual abuse:

Answer 22

● Non-contact SA
○ e.g., threats of sexual abuse, verbal sexual
harassment, sexual solicitation, indecent exposure, exposing the child to pornography

● Contact SA involving sexual intercourse
○ i.e., sexual assault or rape

● Contact SA excluding sexual intercourse but involving other acts
○ e.g. inappropriate touching, fondling, kissing

Question 23

What refers to child sexual exploitation which is facilitated or takes place through the Internet and other related media?

Answer 23

Online Sexual Exploitation of Children (OSEC)

Question 24

This occurs when children under the age of 18 engage in or are forced into prostitution and pornography in exchange for money or material payment.

Answer 24

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC)

Question 25

It was reported that _______ Filipino children aged 8 to 12 were exposed to cyber risks, ranging from sexual exploitation and phishing to cyberbullying and hacking.

Answer 25

It was reported that 6 out of 10 Filipino children aged 8 to 12 were exposed to cyber risks, ranging from sexual exploitation and phishing to cyberbullying and hacking.

Question 26

Refers to acts or omissions causing or likely to cause mental or emotional suffering of the child

Answer 26

Psychological abuse

Question 27

Psychological abuse examples:

Answer 27

○ Intimidation
○ Harassment
○ Stalking
○ Damage to property
○ Public ridicule or humiliation
○ Deduction or threat of deduction from grade or merit as a form of punishment
○ Repeated verbal abuse

Question 28

Refers to the parent-child relationship and involves a repeated pattern of parent/caregiver behavior that makes the child feel unloved, unwanted, or that damages the child’s development and socialization.

Answer 28

Emotional or psychological abuse

Question 29

May be verbal and non-verbal with and without intent to harm.

Answer 29

Emotional or psychological abse

Question 30

Emotional abuse includes

Answer 30

○ Restricting movement
○ Belittling
○ Blaming or threatening
○ Frightening
○ Discriminating against or ridiculing
○ Corrupting or exploiting
○ Denying emotional responsiveness

Question 31

It is defined as a repeated pattern of damaging interactions between a parent/ caregiver and child that becomes typical of the relationship. According to AAP

Answer 31

Emotional abuse

Question 32

According to WHO, it involves both isolated incidents, as well as a pattern of failure over time on the part of the parent or caregiver to provide a developmentally appropriate and supportive environment.

Answer 32

Emotional abuse

Question 33

It includes both acts of omission and commission, it may be verbal and nonverbal, with or without developmental harm that makes the child feel unloved, unwanted or the damages of the child’s emotional development or sense of self worth or socialization.

Answer 33

Emotional abuse

Question 34

It is the failure to provide for or meet a child’s basic physical, emotional, educational, and medical needs.

Answer 34

Neglect

Question 35

Isolated incidents, as well as a pattern of failure over time on the part of a parent or other family members to provide for the development and well-being of the child - where the parent is in a position to do so.

Answer 35

Neglect

Question 36

Neglect is when the child’s basic needs are not met:

Answer 36

○ Adequate food
○ Health care
○ Shelter
○ Education
○ Supervision
○ Protection
○ Emotional Support
○ Nurturance

Question 37

Different types of neglect

Answer 37

● Physical Neglect
○ Child’s basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter

● Educational Neglect
○ Lack of education

● Emotional Neglect
○ Ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them

● Medical Neglect
○ Dental care and refusing or ignoring medical recommendations