Health Behavior Change Theories

Question 1

What acts on specific a4B2 nicotinic Ache receptors in the mesocorticolimbic system through neural pathways that are now seen as a common pathway for addictive drugs?

Answer 1

Nicotine

Question 2

What does nicotine release in the brain’s reward centers in the ventral tegmental area and rhe nucleus accumbens, decreasing the normal rate of degradation?

Answer 2

Dopamine

Question 3

What is a chemical found in a cigarette that is used for cleaning?

Answer 3

Ammonia

Question 4

What is a chemical found in a cigarette that is an ingredient found in rat poison?

Answer 4

Arsenic

Question 5

What refers to a person’s subjective perception of the risk of acquiring an illness or dse?

Answer 5

Perceived susceptibility

Question 6

What refers to a person’s subjective assessment of the seriousness of getting the dse (or leaving the illness or dse untreated) and potential consequences?

Answer 6

Perceived severity

Question 7

What relates to a person’s beliefs about the effectiveness of engaging in health-promotinh actions to reduce the possibility of illness or dse caused and the burden it brought to the family?

Answer 7

Perceived benefits

Question 8

What includes cost/benefit analysis?

Answer 8

Perceived barriers

Question 9

Strategies to activate readiness; provide how-to information, awareness, reminders

Answer 9

Cues to action

Question 10

Confidence in one’s ability to take action; provide training, guidance in performing action

Answer 10

Self-efficacy

Question 11

What theory is called as the reasoned action or intentions that are the best predictors of behavioral change?

Answer 11

Theory of planned behavior

Question 12

What is the extent that a px feels that he is capable of confidence that theu can execute and overcome potential barriers and challenges?

Answer 12

Perceived behavioral ctrl

Question 13

What is the positive and the negative reward of an action that influences whether a behavior will be initiated or not?

Answer 13

Reinforcements

Question 14

What is a psychological theory that encompasses a cycle of mental stages that the px go thru as they change theor behavior?

Answer 14

Transtheoretical model

Question 15

“I cannot” or “I will not” stage

“I am not gonna do it”, “I refuse to do it”, “I don’t think I need to change, and I don’t wanna talk about it”

Answer 15

Precontemplation stage

Question 16

“I may”
“I am thinking of making a change”

Intending to start behavior in the next 6 months

Answer 16

Contemplation stage

Question 17

“I can” “I wanna do this” “I’m gonna” “I plan to do thos soon” stage

Patients are ready to change in the next 30 days and are making smol steps

Answer 17

Preparation stage

Question 18

“I am” stage; change is ongoing for the last 6 mos

Answer 18

Action stage

Question 19

In this stage, the motivator is “feeling good” and presence of social support in his or her circle

Answer 19

Maintenance stage

Question 20

What are the 5 As in order?

Answer 20

Ask - about the use
Advise - discuss harmful effects, ask them on capacity that’s manageable 
Assess - readiness to make a quit attempt, willingness
Assist - quit attempt, tx plan check every 2 wks
Arrange - follow up care

Question 21

Nicotine, the addictive constituent of tobacco, meets these criteria:

Answer 21

○ withdrawal syndrome occurs after smoking cessation
○ tolerance to its use develops
○ most important, use persists after developing
symptoms attributable to the substance and in the
face of its known harm

Question 22

Batteries

Answer 22

Cadmium

Question 23

Candle wax

Answer 23

Stearic acid

Question 24

Behavior attitude.

Answer 24

These are protective attitudes whether the behavior is enjoyable or not (it depends).
○ Instrumental behavior- whether the behavior is beneficial or harmful

Question 25

Subjective norm.

Answer 25

Subjective norm. Is a support given by family, friends, loved ones or significant others, and is being observed or done by others in the community or in social circle.
○ Injunctive norms. Others encourage the behavior.
○ Descriptive norms.Others do behavior as well. It
affects our behavior depending on these subjective
no

Question 26

Social learning (cognitive theory)

Answer 26

● Reciprocal determinism. A persons behavior is influenced by personal factors, social environment, and these are continually acting with one another
○ Let’s have an example: Flu vaccine, social learning or cognitive theory
○ The environment, we interact, sometimes we think that we don’t need that flu vaccine man doc because it is just expensive. We will still get flu even if we have the vaccine or not.
● Behavior capability. We must have knowledge and skills on how to do the behavior for the person to do it .
● Observational learning. People learning a particular behavior by observing other people to do it.
● Reinforcements. Positive and negativ. So depending on what you will get. If positive, we will do it. If not, we wont do it.
● Expectations. We anticipate consequences of our behavior.
● Self efficacy. Are we able to do it, will we able to do it