Surface Markings

Question 1

Surface Markings

Answer 1

terms that are used to describe bone and some soft tissue

often used as points of reference

Question 2

What are the 2 types of surface markings?

Answer 2

Elevations or Projections - raised areas

Depressions - may refer to an opening or passageway for blood vessels + nerves, or to a depressed area in a bone

Question 3

What are the 8 elevations/projections?

Answer 3

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1. Spine (sharp)
2. Condyle (rounded - knuckles)
3. Tubercle (small, knob like, stump)
4. Tuberosity (large, rounded)
5. Process - bony prominence (mastoid process of temporal bone behind ear)
6. Head (enlargement at end of bone e.g. femur)
7. Facet (small smooth surface; ribs to vertebral column)
8. Crest (prominent ridge)

Question 4

Spine elevation or projection

Answer 4

sharp projection

E.g. posterior nasal spine

Question 5

Condyle

Answer 5

rounded or knucklelike projection, usually found at the end of a bone; often part of a joint and will articulate or meet with another bone
e.g. knuckles in fingers

Question 6

Tubercle

Answer 6

small, rounded projection; may also be described as a small knob-like process

e.g. tubercle stump like image on the ribs

Question 7

Tuberosity

Answer 7

Large, rounded projection; bigger than a tubercle

Question 8

Process

Answer 8

Bony prominence

e.g. alveolar process - bony portion of the mandible (lower jaw) + maxilla (upper jaw) that houses the sockets for the teeth

Question 9

Mastoid process of the temporal bone

Answer 9

small bump that you can feel behind both ears

Question 10

Head

Answer 10

an enlargement at the end of a bone, such as the head of the femur or leg bone (thigh)

Question 11

Facet

Answer 11

A small smooth surface or plane area on a bone. e.g. ribs attach to the vertebral column (spine) via small facet

Question 12

Crest

Answer 12

prominent ridge on a bone
e.g. top of the hip bones

Question 13

Depressions

Answer 13

FFF GMS

Fissure or sulcus (brain anatomy/clefs/grooves)
Foramen (opening for bv or nerves)
Fossa or Fovea (pit like/shallow)

Groove (longer narrow channel)
Meatus (tube or passageway)
Sinus (cavity)

Question 14

Fissures or Sulcus

Answer 14

fissures (plural)
sulci (plural)

Associated with brain anatomy

Described as a cleft or a groove, or a furrow

Terms differ based on how deep they are

e.g. central sulcus / lateral sulcus

Question 15

Foramen

Answer 15

Opening in a bone or in cartilage that allows for passage of blood vessels and nerves

e.g. foramen magnum permits spinal cord to pass through the cranium (bony case surrounding brain)

Question 16

Fossa or Fovea

Answer 16

Used to describe a pit-like, shallow depression, most often used to form a joint

Question 17

Groove

Answer 17

Long and narrow channel

e.g. nasopalatine groove of Vomer

Question 18

Meatus

Answer 18

tube or passageway within a bone. may be described as a tube or a canal

e.g. external auditory meatus

Question 19

Sinus

Answer 19

cavity in a bone

frontal sinus, ethrnoid sinus, maxillary sinus, sphenoid sinus