Respiratory Framework Flashcards
Respiratory Tract Consists of
Rib cage + associated structures
Lungs are housed here
Lungs connect to the outside world via the Trachea, Larynx, Pharynx, Oral and nasal cavities
Function of Respiratory Tract
Transmits air to the organs of respiration, the lungs
Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts are divided by?
The Larynx
Upper Respiratory Tract includes
Oral Cavity, nasal cavity, pharyngeal cavity
Lower Respiratory Tract includes
larynx, trachea, lungs’
Respiratory Framework supported by
bony cage, or bony thorax, that is a part of the skeletal system
BONY THORAX includes:
vertebrae + vertebral column
ribs + attachments to the vertebral column
PECTORAL GIRDLE:
scapula + clavicle
sternum
PELVIC GIRDLE
Ischium
pubic bonoe
sacrum
ilium
Thorax
Superiorly bound by the 1st rib + clavicle
Inferior Boundary is 12th rib
Lateral and anterior aspects are bound by the ribs + sternum
Suspended and held in place by the vertebral column
Vertebral Column
Comprised of vertebra
5 divisions:
Cervical (C1-C7)
Thoracic (T1-T12)
Lumbar (L1-L5)
Sacral (S1-S5) - 5 fused vertebrae
Coccygeal Vertebrae: Fused [AKA Coccyx)
Vertebral Column is central to the body
Includes 33 segments of bone
Cervical Vertebrae
Most superior portion of the vertebral column is C1 or ATLAS. Provides support for the skull during rotation
C2 or AXIS is inferior to C1. It allows the skull to pivot
Thoracic Vertebrae
12 Thoracic vertebrae form the BASIS for the Respiratory Framework
Serve as the posterior point of attachment, at the COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINT for the ribs of the bony thorax
Lumbar Vertebrae
5 Lumber Vertebrae
Important in lifting and ambulation (i.e. walking)
Provide direct or indirect ATTACHMENT for ABDOMINAL MUSCLES as well as the posterior fibers of the DIAPHRAGM
The Pelvic Girdle
Includes (together these support the LE):
Ilium
Sacrum
Pubic bone
Ischium
ILIUM - significant and important b/c provides support for the ABDOMINAL MUSCULATURE
The Pectoral Girdle
Formed by the SCAPULA and CLAVICLE
Supports the upper extremities
Pectoral Girdle: Clavicle
Attached too the superior sternum and courses laterally to articulate with the scapula
Provides anterior support for the shoulder
Pectoral Girdle: Scapula
- has its ONLY skeletal attachment to the clavicle, which is attached too the sternum
- provides point of attachment for several muscles that allow for flexible upper body movement
Ribs and Rib Cage
12 ribs capable of some degree of lateral rotation
ALL RIBS, except for the 2 most inferior ribs, are attached anteriorly to the sternum via the COSTOSTERNAL JOINT
All ribs articulate posteriorly to the vertebral column via the COSTOVERTEBRAL and COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT
Rib Cage Movement
Entire rib cage is mobile b/c of its attachment/articulation with the sternum and the vertebrae
capable of ELEVATION during INHALATION and DEPRESSION during EXHALATION
When ribs elevate during inhalation, they increase the size of the thoracic cavity
What does the rib cage provide for muscles?
provides attachment for many muscles that give strength, rigidity, continuity, and mobility to the rib cage
4 parts of the ribs
- HEAD: articulates with the vertebral column
- NECK: Inferior to the head
- ANGLE: Point at which the ribs begin to course forward
- SHAFT: The body of the rib
CLASSIFICATION OF RIBS (3 DIFFERENT WAYS)
- TRUE RIBS: AKA Vertebrosternal Ribs. Ribs 1-7. Articulate with the STERNUM via CARTILAGE
- FALSE RIBS: AKA Vertebrochondral Ribs. Ribs 8-10. Articulate with the STERNUM indirectly? via CARTILAGE
- FLOATING RIBS: AKA Vertebral Ribs. Ribs 11-12. Articulate ONLY with the vertebral column.
True Ribs + False Ribs
Both articulate with the STERNUM via the costal cartilage
COSTAL CARTILAGE allows the ribs to rotate superiorly, laterally, and anteriorly during inhalation
Entire rib cage also serves to PROTECT the heart and lungs
Ribs + Respiration
Ribs articulate posteriorly with the vertebral column + then course anterolaterally to attach to the anterior aspect of the sternum
It is the COURSE of the ribs, as well as their POINTS OF ATTACHMENT, that allow for the SUPERIOR LATERAL, and ANTERIOR ROTATION of the ribs during INHALATION
5 Parts of the Sternum (Listed superior to inferior)
- Sternal Notch
- Manubrium Sterni
- Manubrosternal Angle
- Corpus or Body
- Xiphoid Process
Sternum
Has articular cavities that provide points of attachment for the COSTAL CARTILAGES of the ribs
The MANUBRIUM provides attachment for the CLAVICLE and 1st RIB at the articular facet
Manubriosternal Angle (Joint) or the Sternal Angle
The juncture of the manubrium and corpus where the 2nd rib articulates with the sternum
Sternum Rib Attachments
Ribs 3-7 articulate with the corpus of the sternum via the costal cartilages
FALSE RIBS 8-10 are also attached, INDIRECTLY to the corpus(body) of the sternum by the costal cartilages
Suprasternal notch
a visible dip in the neck between the clavicles and above the sternum
Located at the superior portion of the sternum
How many processes in Thoracic Vertebrae
7
Spinal process
2 transverse processes
4 articular processes - 2 superior, 2 inferior for articulation
Costal Groove
Inner curved space of the rib where the rib begins to course
