Respiratory Framework

Question 1

Respiratory Tract Consists of

Answer 1

Rib cage + associated structures

Lungs are housed here

Lungs connect to the outside world via the Trachea, Larynx, Pharynx, Oral and nasal cavities

Question 2

Function of Respiratory Tract

Answer 2

Transmits air to the organs of respiration, the lungs

Question 3

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts are divided by?

Answer 3

The Larynx

Question 4

Upper Respiratory Tract includes

Answer 4

Oral Cavity, nasal cavity, pharyngeal cavity

Question 5

Lower Respiratory Tract includes

Answer 5

larynx, trachea, lungs’

Question 6

Respiratory Framework supported by

Answer 6

bony cage, or bony thorax, that is a part of the skeletal system

BONY THORAX includes:

vertebrae + vertebral column
ribs + attachments to the vertebral column

PECTORAL GIRDLE:

scapula + clavicle
sternum

PELVIC GIRDLE

Ischium
pubic bonoe
sacrum
ilium

Question 7

Thorax

Answer 7

Superiorly bound by the 1st rib + clavicle

Inferior Boundary is 12th rib

Lateral and anterior aspects are bound by the ribs + sternum

Suspended and held in place by the vertebral column

Question 7

Vertebral Column

Answer 7

Comprised of vertebra

5 divisions:

Cervical (C1-C7)
Thoracic (T1-T12)
Lumbar (L1-L5)
Sacral (S1-S5) - 5 fused vertebrae
Coccygeal Vertebrae: Fused [AKA Coccyx)

Vertebral Column is central to the body

Includes 33 segments of bone

Question 8

Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 8

Most superior portion of the vertebral column is C1 or ATLAS. Provides support for the skull during rotation

C2 or AXIS is inferior to C1. It allows the skull to pivot

Question 9

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 9

12 Thoracic vertebrae form the BASIS for the Respiratory Framework

Serve as the posterior point of attachment, at the COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINT for the ribs of the bony thorax

Question 10

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 10

5 Lumber Vertebrae

Important in lifting and ambulation (i.e. walking)

Provide direct or indirect ATTACHMENT for ABDOMINAL MUSCLES as well as the posterior fibers of the DIAPHRAGM

Question 11

The Pelvic Girdle

Answer 11

Includes (together these support the LE):

Ilium
Sacrum
Pubic bone
Ischium

ILIUM - significant and important b/c provides support for the ABDOMINAL MUSCULATURE

Question 12

The Pectoral Girdle

Answer 12

Formed by the SCAPULA and CLAVICLE

Supports the upper extremities

Question 13

Pectoral Girdle: Clavicle

Answer 13

Attached too the superior sternum and courses laterally to articulate with the scapula

Provides anterior support for the shoulder

Question 14

Pectoral Girdle: Scapula

Answer 14

• has its ONLY skeletal attachment to the clavicle, which is attached too the sternum
• provides point of attachment for several muscles that allow for flexible upper body movement

Question 15

Ribs and Rib Cage

Answer 15

12 ribs capable of some degree of lateral rotation

ALL RIBS, except for the 2 most inferior ribs, are attached anteriorly to the sternum via the COSTOSTERNAL JOINT

All ribs articulate posteriorly to the vertebral column via the COSTOVERTEBRAL and COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT

Question 16

Rib Cage Movement

Answer 16

Entire rib cage is mobile b/c of its attachment/articulation with the sternum and the vertebrae

capable of ELEVATION during INHALATION and DEPRESSION during EXHALATION

When ribs elevate during inhalation, they increase the size of the thoracic cavity

Question 17

What does the rib cage provide for muscles?

Answer 17

provides attachment for many muscles that give strength, rigidity, continuity, and mobility to the rib cage

Question 18

4 parts of the ribs

Answer 18

1. HEAD: articulates with the vertebral column
2. NECK: Inferior to the head
3. ANGLE: Point at which the ribs begin to course forward
4. SHAFT: The body of the rib

Question 19

CLASSIFICATION OF RIBS (3 DIFFERENT WAYS)

Answer 19

1. TRUE RIBS: AKA Vertebrosternal Ribs. Ribs 1-7. Articulate with the STERNUM via CARTILAGE
2. FALSE RIBS: AKA Vertebrochondral Ribs. Ribs 8-10. Articulate with the STERNUM indirectly? via CARTILAGE
3. FLOATING RIBS: AKA Vertebral Ribs. Ribs 11-12. Articulate ONLY with the vertebral column.

Question 20

True Ribs + False Ribs

Answer 20

Both articulate with the STERNUM via the costal cartilage

COSTAL CARTILAGE allows the ribs to rotate superiorly, laterally, and anteriorly during inhalation

Entire rib cage also serves to PROTECT the heart and lungs

Question 21

Ribs + Respiration

Answer 21

Ribs articulate posteriorly with the vertebral column + then course anterolaterally to attach to the anterior aspect of the sternum

It is the COURSE of the ribs, as well as their POINTS OF ATTACHMENT, that allow for the SUPERIOR LATERAL, and ANTERIOR ROTATION of the ribs during INHALATION

Question 22

5 Parts of the Sternum (Listed superior to inferior)

Answer 22

1. Sternal Notch
2. Manubrium Sterni
3. Manubrosternal Angle
4. Corpus or Body
5. Xiphoid Process

Question 23

Sternum

Answer 23

Has articular cavities that provide points of attachment for the COSTAL CARTILAGES of the ribs

The MANUBRIUM provides attachment for the CLAVICLE and 1st RIB at the articular facet

Question 24

Manubriosternal Angle (Joint) or the Sternal Angle

Answer 24

The juncture of the manubrium and corpus where the 2nd rib articulates with the sternum

Question 25

Sternum Rib Attachments

Answer 25

Ribs 3-7 articulate with the corpus of the sternum via the costal cartilages

FALSE RIBS 8-10 are also attached, INDIRECTLY to the corpus(body) of the sternum by the costal cartilages

Question 26

Suprasternal notch

Answer 26

a visible dip in the neck between the clavicles and above the sternum

Located at the superior portion of the sternum

Question 27

How many processes in Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 27

7
Spinal process
2 transverse processes
4 articular processes - 2 superior, 2 inferior for articulation

Question 28

Costal Groove

Answer 28

Inner curved space of the rib where the rib begins to course