Muscles of Respiration

Question 1

How are muscles of respiration divided?

Answer 1

By their ability to support INHALATION/INSPIRATION and EXHALATION/EXPIRATION

Both inhalation/exhalation are supported by MAJOR muscles and ACCESSORY muscles

Question 2

Major and Accessory Muscles

Answer 2

Major muscles are the primary muscles involved in inhalation/exhalation. Primary muscles will always have the major responsibility for an action

Accessory Muscles serve to aid/support the major muscles during inhalation/exhalation

Question 3

Muscles will be discussed in terms of (4 things)

Answer 3

1. ORIGIN: The proximal end or the end of the muscle that does not move. Provides stability
2. COURSE: The direction the muscle travels toward its place of insertion
3. INSERTION: The distal end of the muscle or the end of the muscle that moves/gives movement to a structure
4. FUNCTION: Tells what the muscle does when it is active. A muscle is only active when it contracts.

Question 4

What is the primary purpose of both major and accessory muscles during inhalation?

Answer 4

To EXPAND the rib cage or thoracic cavity, and therefore, the lungs

Question 5

What are the Major and Accessory Muscles used during Inhalation?

Answer 5

MAJOR MUSCLES

1. Diaphragm
2. External Intercostals

ACCESSORY MUSCLES

1. Costal Elevators
2. Serratus Posterior Superior
3. Pectoralis Major
4. Pectoralis Minor
5. Subclavius
6. Serratus Anterior
7. Sternocleidomastoid
8. Scalenes

Question 6

Diaphragm -major muscle used in inhalation

Answer 6

• Primary inspiratory muscle of inhalation

Shaped like a parachute

• Only active during inhalation. Contacts during inhalation. Diaphragm moves down.
• Does NOT contract during exhalation. Diaphragm relaxes and moves up

Question 7

External Intercostals - Major muscle used in inhalation

Answer 7

Course between the ribs

Pull up and out during inhalation to allow for expansion of the ribs

Relax during exhalation

Question 8

Accessory Muscle Groups(inhalation): Posterior Thoracic Muscles of Inspiration

Answer 8

Costal Elevators (Levatores Costarum)

Serratus Posterior Superior

Question 9

Accessory Muscle Groups (inhalation): Muscles of the Upper arm and shoulder

Answer 9

Pectoral Major/Minor

Subclavius

Serratus Anterior

Question 10

Accessory Muscle Groups (inhalation): Muscles of the neck

Answer 10

Sternocleidomastoid

Scalenes

Question 11

Exhalation - Major + Accessory

Answer 11

*When muscles of exhalation contract, air will flow out of the lungs

MAJOR
1. Rectus Abdominus
2. External Obliques
3. Internal Obliques
4. Transverse Abdominus

ACCESSORY

1. Subcostals
2. Internal Intercostals
3. Transverse Thoracic
4. Serratus Posterior Inferior
5. Quadratus Lumborum

Question 12

Muscles of Exhalation: Abdominal Muscles

Answer 12

Rectus Abdominus

External/Internal Obliques

Transverse Abdominus

Question 13

Muscles of Exhalation: Posterior Thoracic Muscles

Answer 13

Subcostals

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Question 14

Muscles of Exhalation: Anterolateral Thoracic Muscles

Answer 14

Internal Intercostals

Question 15

Muscles of Exhalation: Anterior Thoracic Muscle

Answer 15

Transverse Thoracic

Question 16

Major Muscles of Exhalation Facts

Answer 16

All are attached to the abdominal aponeurosis (connective tissue that supports muscles to bone connection)

All are responsible for trunk stability + movement, as well as controlled exhalation

they will flex the vertebral column and support and enclose the abdominal contents

Question 17

During RESPIRATION, the MAJOR muscles of exhalation will…

Answer 17

1. Compress the abdominal contents and draw the ribs down
2. Decrease the size of the thoracic cavity and increase intrathoracic pressure, forcing air out oof the lungs

Ex 1 Oblique muscles are better at DEPRESSING the ribs

Ex 2 Transverse abdominus and rectus abdominus are better at COMPRESSING the abdomen