Respiration for Speech and Rest Breathing Flashcards
2 linings
VISCERAL PLEURA - covers both lungs
PARIETAL PLEURA - covers or lines the thoracic cavity
The lungs and inner thoracic wall covered with?
Lungs and inner thoracic wall are completely covered with PLEURAL LINING that enables THORACIC EXPANSION during INHALATION
lining provides an air tight seal that is required for the lungs to follow the movement of the thorax
The Pleurae and Respiration
- Pleurae encase both lungs and thoracic cavity
- form a CONTINUOUS SHEET that provides an airtight seal so that the respiratory structures (lungs, ribs, diaphragm) can follow the movement of the thorax (thoracic cavity)
Pleurae Function
- Pleurae function like water that lies between the bottom of a drinking glass and the counter on which the glass rests
- Surface tension is produced between the water, the glass, and counter, making it difficult to remove the glass from the counter
- Another angle - consider two wet plates stacked on top of each other. The plates are difficult to pull apart
- analogies are similar to the pleurae’s relationship to the lungs + thoracic cavities
- Surface Tension produced between the pleurae + thoracic cavity is slippery, which then permits mvement of the lungs, ribs, and diaphragm during inhalation and exhalation
Rest or Quiet Breathing
Occurs when you breathe only to stay alive, w/o speech production overlaid onto the system
One cycle of quiet breathing is comprised of 40% inhalation + 60% exhalation
e.g. watching tv, reading a book, people watching, sitting on park bench
Inhalation/Exhalation during quiet breathing
Inhalation is ALWAYS active. This means the major and accessory muscles of inhalation are contracting
Exhalation is PASSIVE. This means that no muscles are contracting
Inhalation Quiet, 1 Cycle - Action + Outcome
ACTION 1:
1. Muscle contraction of diaphragm and external intercostals
OUTCOME 1:
1. Increased dimensions of the thorax in all planes:
Upon contraction, diaphragm moves inferiorly
Anterior-superior: forward + upward movement of the sternum
Anterior-lateral superior: rotation of the rib cage
ACTION 2:
- Thorax expands causing lungs to expand due to pleural linkage
OUTCOME 2:
- Air pressure in lungs DECREASES, so air rushes in from the environment to equalize pressure (Newton’s 3rd law of motion)
ACTION 3
- At the same time, the abdominal contents are compressed
OUTCOME 3:
- Intra-abdominal pressure is elevated
ACTION 4:
- Muscles of inhalation gradually cease to be active
OUTCOME 4:
- inhalation stops and restoring forces (torque, gravity, elasticity) take over.
Exhalation Quiet, 1 Cycle - Action/Outcome
ACTION 1 + 2:
- Upward force from abdominal contents against the diaphragm INCREASES (force? elasticity and gravity? force increases as diaphragm is returning to relaxed state)
- Ribs + Sternum that have been elevated now unwind (what force ? Gravity, Torque “unwind”)
OUTCOME:
Movement of the entire rib cage in the inferior, medial, and posterior dimensions
Torque, Elasticity, Gravity ALL work during?
Exhalation
You work against torque, elasticity, and gravity, during?
Inhalation
Gravity is important for?
posture
efficiency of respiration
Supine + Gravity
laying on your back
Gravity acts in an expiratory direction on both the rib cage and the abdomen
When supine, you work _____ against gravity to breathe?
harder
Respiration for Speech
10% inhalation, 90% exhalation
A) Inhalation
During speech, active and involves DIAPHRAGM and EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
B) Exhalation
Active
Muscles of inhalation are used to prevent the restoring forces of torque, gravity, elasticity from collapsing the thoracic cavity
Muscular activity is used to CONTROL THE FLOW OF AIR so that exhalation during speech is slow, sustained, + long in duration
If additional airflow is needed, the muscles of exhalation may be activated to continue to compress the thoracic cavity and force the air out through the larynx
Loudness or intensity is controlled by the activity level of the muscles of booth inhalation and exhalation
