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Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech and Hearing Mechanism > Bones of the Skull and Face > Flashcards

Bones of the Skull and Face Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the skull divided into 2 groups:

A
  1. Bones of the facial skeleton
  2. Bones of the Cranial Skeleton

they are often referred as the craniofacial skeleton

22 bones
some paired, some unpaired
ALL are attached by IMMOVEABLE joints called sutures, EXCEPT the MANDIBLE

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2
Q

Sutures are what kind of joint?

A

Synarthrodial joint

Immoveable

In infants and very young children however these joints do permit some movement

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3
Q

The temporomandibular joint

A

The temporomandibular joint, or TMJ, is classified as synovial joint [highly moveable].

Is is similar to a ball and socket joint

This joint connects the mandible (lower jaw) to the temporal bone that is a part of the cranial skeleton

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4
Q

How many bones are in the facial skeleton? viscerocranium

A

14 bones

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5
Q

What are the paired bones of the facial skeleton?

A
  1. Maxillae - paired
  2. Nasal bones - paired
  3. Palatine bones - paired
  4. Lacrimal bones - paired
  5. zygomatic bones - paired
  6. inferior nasal conchae - paired
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6
Q

What are the unpaired bones of the facial skeleton?

A

Mandible
Vomer

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7
Q

Mandible

A

Forms the lower jaw

begins as a paired bone with mental symphysis [juncture of 2 bones]

it becomes fused into a single bone early in life

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8
Q

What are the parts of the mandible?

A

Body

Alveolar Arch

Angle

Ramus

Coronoid + Condylar Processes

Alveolar Process

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9
Q

Maxillae

A

Paired bone that forms the UPPER JAW

It helps to form the following structures:

Roof of the oral cavity
Floor + lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Floor of the orbits

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10
Q

What are the four processes of the Maxillae?

A
  1. Zygomatic process
  2. alveolar process
  3. palatine process
  4. frontal process
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11
Q

Maxillae - Zygomatic Process

A

Located between the anterior + posterior surfaces on the lateral aspect of the bone

The process is directed superiorly + laterally to articulate with the zygomatic bone

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12
Q

Frontal process

A

superiorly directed plate of bone on the anterior surface

It articulates with the FRONTAL bone

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13
Q

Maxillae: Palatine + alveolar processes

A

Palatine Process:

Horizontal plate of bone, directed medially

Articulates with the opposite side to form the anterior 2/3-3/4 of the hard palate

Alveolar process:

houses the TEETH

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14
Q

Nasal bones

A

Form the bridge of the nose

Bones are comprised of two small oblong plates of bone

nasal bones lie medially to the frontal process of maxilla

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15
Q

How do the nasal bone articulate?

A

They articulate with the following:

frontal bone

maxillae

other bones of the nose

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16
Q

Palatine bones

A

Located in the posterior nasal cavity

Situated posteriorly to the palatine process of the maxilla

TOGETHER, the palatine bones and the palatine process of the maxilla make up the hard palate

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17
Q

What landmark do the palatine bones contain?

A

posterior nasal spine

posteriorly directed bony projection that is used as the landmark in imaging

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18
Q

What structures do the palatine bones contribute to?

A

Posterior floor + lateral wall of the nasal cavity y

Posterior 1/4 of the hard palate

The floor of the orbit

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19
Q

What is the function of the horizontal, superior, and vertical parts of the palatine bones?

A

horizontal part, with an inferior surface that forms the posterior portion of the hard palate

superior part that helps form the posterior portion of the nasal cavity

Vertical portion contributes to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

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20
Q

Lacrimal Bones

A

Smallest of the facial bones

Form part of the medial wall of the orbital cavity

(inner eye socket location in images)

21
Q

What bones do the zygomatic bones articulate with?

A

Maxillae

Frontal bone

Temporal bone

TOGETHER, these bones make up the LATERAL ORBIT

22
Q

What are the 4 processes of the zygomatic bones?

A

Maxillary

Frontal or frontosphenoidal

Orbital

Temporal

23
Q

Inferior Nasal Conchae

A

make up most of the inferior part of the lateral nasal walls

Articulate with the maxillae posteriorly and with the palatine bones

24
Q

Vomer

A

Forms the inferior half of the bony nasal septum

Articulates inferiorly with the maxillae and the palatine bones

Anterior border of vomer articulates with the cartilaginous septum of the nose

25
Q

How many bones make up the cranial skeleton?

26
Q

What are the unpaired bones of the cranial skeleton?

A

Ethmoid

Frontal

Occipital

Sphenoid

27
Q

What are the paired bones of the cranial skeleton?

A

Parietal

Temporal

28
Q

Ethmoid

A

UNPAIRED

Separates nasal cavity from brain

considered to be a cranial bone, but also contributes to facial skeleton

consists of a number of parts + articulates with 15 bones

29
Q

Ethmoid articulates with several bones

A

Frontal (1)

Inferior nasal concha (2)

Sphenoid (1)

Zygomatics (2)

Nasals (2)

Lacrimals (2)

Palatines (2)

Vomer (1)

Maxillae (2)

30
Q

What are the 4 parts of the Ethmoid (unpaired bones of cranium)?

A
  1. Cribiform Plate
  2. Crista Galli
  3. Ethmoid Labyrinth
  4. Conchae
31
Q

Cribiform plate (part of the ethmoid bones)

A

Horizontal plate that separates the oral + nasal cavities forms the roof of the nasal cavities

32
Q

Crista Galli (ethmoid bones)

A

Superior projection from the cribiform plate

triangular process that separates the cerebral hemispheres

33
Q

Ethmoid labyrinth (ethmoid bones)

A

a thin walled section of bone that has air pockets that vary in size

34
Q

Conchae (ethmoid bones)

A

Forms the medial surface of the ethmoid labyrinth

it is comprised of 2 lateral plates that house the superior + medial nasal conchae

forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavities

35
Q

Frontal Bone

A

unpaired bone + forms the ANTERIOR part of the BRAIN CASE

Contains a vertical plate (forehead) and a horizontal aspect that contributes to the roof of the orbit + nasal cavities

36
Q

What are the 4 parts of the FRONTAL BONE

A
  1. Ethmoid notch

located at midline that articulates with the ethmoid bone

  1. Zygomatic process

Articulates with the zygomatic bone + is situated laterally to the orbital surface

  1. Frontal or nasal spine

bony projection found medially on the frontal bone + that articulates with the nasal bones and ethmoid

  1. Supraorbital rim

forms the superior surface of the orbits

37
Q

Parietal bone

A

Is paired bone that is joined at the sagittal suture

Forms the rounded roof of the cranium

Roughly quadrilateral in shape

38
Q

Articulation of the parietal bone

A

Articulates with several bones

Frontal bone at the coronal suture

Temporal bone at the squamous or lateral suture

Occipital bone at the lambdoidal suture

39
Q

Occipital Bone

A

UNPAIRED bone that forms the inferior and posterior portions of the cranium

Articulates with the parietal bone at the lambdoid suture

FORAMEN MAGNUM is situated at the skull based + allows passage of the spinal cord

LATERAL CONDYLES are situated laterally to the FORAMEN MAGNUM + PERMIT C1 [atlas] articulation

40
Q

Temporal Bone

A

PAIRED BONE that forms the LATERAL BASE + part of the lateral aspect of the cranium

41
Q

3 parts of the temporal bone

A

Squamous portion

Petrous portion

Tympanic portion

42
Q

Squamous portion of the temporal bone

A

forms the lateral, anterior, and superior aspects of the temporal bone

includes ZYGOMATIC PROCESS that articulates with the TEMPORAL PROCESS of the zygomatic bone

43
Q

Petrous portion of the temporal bone

A

Found at the base of the skull

It houses the essential organs of hearing + balance and includes the mastoid process [a point of attachment for some muscles]

44
Q

Tympanic Portion of Temporal bone

A

Anterior to the mastoid process + inferior to the squamous + petrous portions of the temporal bone

Forms part of the external auditory meatus [EAM] + includes the styloid process [point of attachment for some muscles]

45
Q

Sphenoid - temporal bone

A

COMPLEX BONE that articulates with ALL BONES of the CRANIAL SKELETON + 3 BONES of the FACIAL SKELETON

Vomer
Palatine bones
zygomatic bones

46
Q

Where is the sphenoid bone situated?

A

Situated at the skull base, anterior to the foramen magnum

Shaped like a bat

47
Q

4 parts of the sphenoid

A
  1. Body

Anterior surface that forms the posterior wall of the nasal cavity

  1. LESSER WING (2)

Laterally directed plates that contribute to the superior walls of the orbits

  1. Greater Wings (2)

Laterally directed, curve superiorlyy + posteriorly

They form the posterior 1/2 of the lateral orbital wall

4.Pterygoid processes:

For the attachment of the pterygoid muscles

  • lateral pterygoid process
  • medial pterygoid process
  • pterygoid hamulus
48
Q

Sphenoid - Pterygoid processes

A
  1. Lateral pterygoid process
    Attachment for some muscles
  2. Medial pterygoid process

Attachment for some muscles

  1. Pterygoid hamulus

Termination point of the medial pterygoid process

Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech and Hearing Mechanism (23 decks)

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