Surface cleaners and sanitizers Flashcards
What is a surfactant?
reduces surface tension and adherence of dirt and organic matter
What is sanitizing?
remove dirt and organic debris via two steps of dry and wet cleaning
What is disinfection?
reducing or killing pathogens to low levels
What is contact time?
important to efficacy of chemical
What is sporicidal?
capable of killing endospores
What is static?
slows/inhibits
What is antisepsis?
reduction of bacteria in biological setting
What is sterilization?
complete absence of life
Disinfection follows?
sanitizing
What is a disinfection agent?
halogens
What are types of halogen?
hypochlorites
“tamed” iodide (iodorphors)
What is an example of hypochlorites?
bleach for parvocide and ringworm control at 1:10
What are pros and cons of hypochlorites?
cheap and effective
irritating and corrosive
limited useful life once diluted
What are “tamed” iodide (iodorphors)?
topical antiseptics - usual application
What are some disinfection agents?
soaps and detergents - highly necessary to washing/sanitizing but limited disinfection properties
What are some disinfection agents?
soaps and detergents Phenolics QUATS Aldehydes Alcohols Biguanides Oxidizers
What are phenolics?
intermediate level disinfection with best action against Gram+
What are some pros and cons of phenolics?
pros - not as corrosive as chlorine bleach
- retain some action in organic matter
cons - not an effective cidal for parvo
- can’t use as a skin antiseptic - some
dilute versions ok (dilute Thymol in
mouthwash
What are QUATS?
- an intermediate level efficacy and non effective against the hard to kill
- a biocide and surfactant with rapid action and activity in 5% organic matter - used to clean kennel floors, cages, counter tops
- 3rd generation have become broader spectrum (Roccal D plus)
- Benzalkonium chloride is prototype - not for cold sterilization - renders vaccine ineffective
(no such thing as cold sterilization - use heat
What are aldehydes?
- denature microbial proteins - broad spectrum + quick acting, usually alkalinized, can be added to a “quat”
- an aqueous aldehyde is formalin - extreme toxicity, buffered glutaraldehyde and o-Phthalic aldehyde, the agents of choice
Aldehyde disinfects?
endoscopes and fiberoptiscopes, vinyl, rubber, glass, optical lenses
functional sterilization after 10 hours of immersion
- instruments need to be rinsed before use
What are alcohols?
isoprophyl at 70% - immediate disinfectant
What is MOA (mechanism of action) of alcohols?
coagulation of bacterial proteins - not recommended for intact skin
also used as surgical final prep - flammable, explosive agent
What are biguanides?
disinfects all bacterial + FeLV: not sporicidial - mild + very good residual activity
- fairly broad spectrum + fast acting
What is an example of biguanides?
chlorhexidine gluconate (1-4%) is surgical prep
What are oxidizers?
hydrogen peroxide - effective against bacteria, viruses, spores, and fungi
What are pros and cons of oxidizers?
pros - ok on surface wounds and mucosal surfaces
cons - controversial for use in deep tissue wound and for debridement of an abscess - may provide hydraulic debridement as it foams
appears to nether decrease the wound rate or the bacterial load
