Ch 12 - Antiinfective drugs - key terms

Question 1

Antimicrobial?

Answer 1

an agent that kills microorganisms or suppresses their multiplication or growth

Question 2

Antibacterial?

Answer 2

an agent that inhibits bacterial growth, impedes replication of bacteria, or kills bacteria

Question 3

Antibiotic?

Answer 3

an agent produced by a microorganism or semisynthetically that has the ability to inhibit the growth of or kill microorganisms

Question 4

Bacteria?

Answer 4

single-celled microorganisms that usually have a rigid cell wall and a round, rod-like, or spiral shape

Question 5

Bactericidal?

Answer 5

an agent with the capability to kill

Question 6

Beta-lactamase?

Answer 6

enzymes that reduce the effectiveness of certain antibiotics; beta-lactamase 1 is penicillinase; beta-lactamase 11 is cephalosporinase

Question 7

Dermatophytosis?

Answer 7

a fungal skin infection

Question 8

Detergent?

Answer 8

an agent that cleanses

Question 9

disinfect?

Answer 9

to make free of pathogens or make them inactive

Question 10

fungicidal?

Answer 10

an agent that kills fungi

Question 11

fungistatic?

Answer 11

an agent that inhibits the growth of fungi

Question 12

In vitro?

Answer 12

within an artificial environment

Question 13

in vivo?

Answer 13

within the living body

Question 14

iodophor?

Answer 14

an iodine compound with a longer activity period that results from the combination of iodine and a carrier molecule that releases iodine over time

Question 15

microorganism?

Answer 15

an organism that is microscopic (e.g., bacterium, protozoan, Rickettsia, virus, and fungus)

Question 16

sporicidal?

Answer 16

an agent capable of killing spores

Question 17

Do all microorganisms have pathogenic potential?

Answer 17

no, some do

Question 18

What can be used to distinguish between the types of bacteria?

Answer 18

using Gram stain

Question 19

What is gram stain?

Answer 19

a laboratory procedure in which dyes are used to stain bacteria

Question 20

Gram positive bacteria stains to, what color?

Answer 20

dark blue to purple

Question 21

Gram negative bacteria stains to, what color?

Answer 21

pink to red

Question 22

Bacteria with similar staining properties tend to respond to the same _______ therapy.

Answer 22

antimicrobial

Question 23

What type of bacteria need oxygen to live and replicate?

Answer 23

Aerobes

Question 24

What type of bacteria do not need oxygen to live and replicate?

Answer 24

anaerobes - may be hardy and difficult to eradicate

Question 25

What 2 categories can antimicrobial drugs be divided into?

Answer 25

bactericidal and bacteriostatic

Question 26

When finding out the type of organism causing an infection, what type of test can be performed?

Answer 26

sensitivity tests

Question 27

What type of sensitivity tests can be performed to test the susceptibility of an organism to a specific antimicrobial drug?

Answer 27

disk susceptibility test - most common

Question 28

Within the disk test, there is a measurement of the zones of inhibition, what does this mean?

Answer 28

these zones show which antimicrobial agents are susceptible or resistant to each particular antimicrobial and how effectively they may perform in vitro

Question 29

What is the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)?

Answer 29

the lowest concentration that macroscopically inhibits growth of an organism

Question 30

The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) represents?

Answer 30

the degree of susceptibility of an organism to a specific concentration of a particular antimicrobial drug

Question 31

T or F

The antimicrobials that are effective in vitro are always the best choice for use in vivo.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

T or F

Do not use antimicrobial drugs for mild infection.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

T or F

Antimicrobials should be used only for individuals at risk of severe infection.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Penicillan is an _____ drug.

Answer 34

antimicrobial