Companion animal and equine vaccines

Question 1

pathogenicity?

Answer 1

ability to produce disease via an agent’s ability to produce toxins, enter tissue, colonize and spread from host to host

Question 2

infectivity?

Answer 2

ability of an organism to enter; survive and multiply

Question 3

virulence?

Answer 3

degree of pathogenicity, and relative degree of damage and invasiveness

Question 4

primary pathogen?

Answer 4

disease results from presence in a normal host

Question 5

opportunistic pathogen?

Answer 5

disease in a compromised host

Question 6

infectious disease?

Answer 6

similar to communicable, contagious or transmissilbe

Question 7

transmission?

Answer 7

mechanisms for getting an agent from source to host

Question 8

Vector?

Answer 8

actively transmitting a pathogen from reservoir to final host. Often biological and often an invertebrate arthropod

Question 9

formite?

Answer 9

an inanimate object that harbors/and facilitates pathogen spread immunity - resistance to infection

Question 10

passive immunity?

Answer 10

transfer of active humoral immunity via from antibodies made elsewhere to protect an animal needing immediate protection

Question 11

immunization?

Answer 11

given an immunogen in a controlled way (vaccination)to initiate or fortify an antibody response from an adaptive immune system

Question 12

active immunity?

Answer 12

antibodies developed in an by the host’s immune system following immunogenic exposure from natural disease or immunization

Question 13

seroconversion?

Answer 13

the development of the first-detectable, specific, serum antibodies in response to infection or immunization

Question 14

Herd immunity?

Answer 14

a term from public health statistics and disease incidence monitoring to describe a populations overall resistance level against a disease. This highly influenced by vaccination rates

Question 15

anamnestic response?

Answer 15

a heightened, quickly-occurring immunologic response elicited by a second or subsequent exposure to a specific antigen. Due to immunologic memory and ramped production of IgG

Question 16

killed vaccine?

Answer 16

contains dead but immunogenic whole microorganisms destroyed by heat, chemicals, radiation of antibiotics

Question 17

adjuvant?

Answer 17

addition of aluminum salts or gels to promote earlier and more potent and persistent response to the immunogen

Question 18

MLV vaccine?

Answer 18

infectious components of whole-agent living organisms have been attenuated to allow immunogenicity but not pathogenesis (reduced)

Question 19

sub unit vaccine?

Answer 19

immunogenicity derived from a protein fragment of the whole organism

Question 20

Toxoid?

Answer 20

immunization via a bacterial exotoxin whose toxicity has been suppressed

Question 21

Antitoxin?

Answer 21

a source of passive, hyperimmunity from an external source and passive sources to provide immediate attention

Question 22

Valence?

Answer 22

number of genotypes in a single immunizing product

Question 23

conjugate vaccine?

Answer 23

linking pieces of an agent, such as a sugar with a protein, to improve immune system recognition of the immunogen

Question 24

Recombinant vaccine?

Answer 24

combining the dna of one microorganisms with the physiology of another to create better immunity against diseases with complex pathogenic processes

Question 25

Anaphylaxis?

Answer 25

a systemic, severe allergic reaction

Question 26

Antibody?

Answer 26

an immunoglobulin molecule that combines with the specific antigen that induced its formation

Question 27

Antigen?

Answer 27

any substance that can induce a specific immune response, such as toxins, foreign proteins, bacteria, and viruses.

Question 28

Avirulent?

Answer 28

the inability of an infectious agent to produce pathologic effects

Question 29

bacterin?

Answer 29

a killed bacterial vaccine

Question 30

monovalent?

Answer 30

a vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin developed specifically for a single antigen or organism

Question 31

polyvalent?

Answer 31

a vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin active against multiple antigens or organisms; mixed vaccine.

Question 32

perservative?

Answer 32

a substance, such as an antibiotic, antiinfective, or fungistat that is added to a product to destroy or inhibit multiplication of microorganisms