Superficial Back Outcomes

Question 1

Name P, D, A, I
Latissimus dorsi

Answer 1

P: lower thoracic spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia & iliac crest
D: intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
A: adduction, extension & medial rotation of humerus
I: thoracodorsal nerve, C6-8

Question 2

Name P, D, A, I
Levator Scapulae

Answer 2

P: transverse process of C1-C4
D: superior angle & superomedial border of the scapular
A: elevation and downward rotation of scapula
I: dorsal scapular nerve, C4-5 (sensory: direct C3-4 branches)

Question 3

Name P, D, A, I
Pectoralis major

Answer 3

P: clavicle, costal cartilages, sternum & aponeurosis of external oblique
D: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
A: humeral adduction, flexion & medial rotation (sternalcostal portion assists with extension of flexed arm)
I: lateral & medial pectoral nn. (clavicular head C5-7: sternoclavicular head C8-T1)

Question 4

P, D, A, I
Pectoralis minor

Answer 4

P: outer surfaces of ribs 3-5
D: coracoid process
A: anterior tilt of scapula; assists with depression of shoulder & forced inspiration
I: medial & lateral pectoral nn (C5-T1)

Question 5

P, D, A, I
Rhomboids

Answer 5

P: spinous processes T2-5 (maj) & ligamentum nuchae + spinus processes C7-T1 (min)
D: medial border of scapula
A: scapular retraction, elevation (upper), and downward rotation
I: dorsal scapular nerve (sensory: direct branches C3-4)

Question 6

P, D, A, I
Serratus anterior

Answer 6

P: outer surfaces & superior borders of upper 8-10 ribs
D: costal surface of the medial border of scapula
A: scapular protraction & upward rotation
I: long thoracic nerve (C5-7)

Question 7

P, D, A, I
Subclavius

Answer 7

P: 1st rib & cartilage
D: undersurface of clavicle
A: depresses & stabilizes the clavicle
I: subclavian nerve (C5-6)

Question 8

P, D, A, I
Trapezius

Answer 8

P: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, & cervical + thoracic spinous processes
D: clavicle, acromion, & scapular spine
A: scapular elevation (upper), depression (lower), retraction (middle), & upward rotation (upper & lower)
I: acessory nerve (CN XI; motor) & C3-4 (sensory)

Question 9

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 9

Extrinsic: axioappendicular
Superficial layer does contributes to limb movement and Intermediate layer contribuites to respiration and proprioception
Intrinsic: deeper muscles contribute to vertebral collumn movement and stabilization

Question 10

What are the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 10

Superficial layer: splenius capitus and splenius cervicis
Intermediate layer: errector spinae, spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis
Deep layer: transversopinalis, semispinalis capitus, multifidus, and rotatores

Question 11

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 11

Superficial layer: trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, & rhomboids
Intermediate layer: serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior

Question 12

What is a dermatome?

Answer 12

Dermatome is an area of the skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 13

What is a myotome?

Answer 13

Myotome is a set of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve