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DPTR 5001 - Clinical Anatomy > Head & Neck Outcomes > Flashcards

Head & Neck Outcomes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 10 craniofascial muscles?

A

Buccinator
Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Frontalis
Nasalis
Levator labii superioris
Orbicularis oculi & oris
Platysma
Zygomaticus major

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2
Q

P, D, A, I Buccinator

A

P: alveolar processes of maxilla & mandible, pterygoid hamulus, and pterygomandibular raphe
D: angle of mouth
A: compresses cheek when blowing
I: buccal branch of facial n.

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3
Q

P, D, A, I Depressor anguli oris

A

P: mandible
D: angle of mouth
A: depresses angle of mouth (frown/sad)
I: buccal & mandibular branch of facial n.

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4
Q

P, D, A, I Depressor labii inferioris

A

P: oblique line of mandible
D: skin of lower lip
A: depresses lower lip (pouting/sad)
I: mandibular branch of facial n.

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5
Q

P, D, A, I Frontalis

A

P: Superficial fascia of eyebrows
D: Epicrancial aponeurosis
A: protracts the scalp & elevates eyebrows and nose (surprise or curiosity)
I: temporal branch of facial n.

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6
Q

P, D, A, I Levator labii superioris

A

P: inferior orbital margin
D: lateral aspect of upper lip
A: raises and everts upper lip (showing sadness)
I: buccal & zygomatic branches of facial n.

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7
Q

P, D, A, I Nasalis

A

P: maxilla lateral and inferior to nasal notch
D: bridge and ala of nose
A: transverse fibers compress & alar fibers widen nasal aperture (flaring nostrils in anger or exertion)
I: buccal branch of facial n.

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8
Q

P, D, A, I Obicularis oculi

A

P: orbital margin & medial palpebral ligament
D: superficial fascia of eyelid
A: palpebral sphincter (closes eyes/winkin)
I: temporal & zygomatic branches of facial n.

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9
Q

P, D, A, I Obicularis oris

A

P: angle of mouth
D: superficial fascia of upper lip
A: oral sphincter (closes mouth/kissing)
I: buccal & mandibular branches of facial n.

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10
Q

P, D, A, I Platysma

A

P: lower border of mandible
D: superficial fascia of skin of the neck overlying clavicle
A: wrinkles anterior nuchal skin (Conveying tension or stress)
I: cervical branch of fascia n.

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11
Q

P, D, A, I Zygomaticus major

A

P: Zygomatic bone
D: angle of mouth
A: raises angle of mouth (smiling/happiness)
I: buccal & zygomatic branches of facial n.

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12
Q

What are the 7 Extraocular Muscles?

A

Inferior oblique
Inferior rectus
Levator palpebrae superioris
Medial rectus
Superior rectus
Lateral rectus
Superior oblique

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13
Q

P, D, A, I Inferior Oblique

A

P: maxilla latera
D: nasolacrimal groove to inferolateral, posterior aspect of sclera
A: elevation, abduction, & extortion of the eye
I: inferior ramus of oculomotor n.

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14
Q

P, D, A, I Inferior rectus

A

P: common tendinous ring
D: inferior aspect of sclera
A: depression, adduction, & extorsion of eye
I: inferior ramus of oculomotor n.

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15
Q

P, D, A, I Levator Palpebrae Superioris

A

P: inferior aspect of lesser wing of the sphenoid
D: tarsus and skin of upper lid
A: elevation of upper lid
I: superior ramus of oculomotor n.

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16
Q

P, D, A, I Medial rectus

A

P: common tendinous ring
D: medial aspect of sclera
A: adduction of eye
I: inferior ramus of oculomotor n.

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17
Q

P, D, A, I Superior rectus

A

P: common tendinous ring
D: superior aspect of sclera
A: elevation, adduction, intorsion of the eye
I: superior ramus of oculomotor n.

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18
Q

P, D, A, I Lateral rectus

A

P: common tendinous ring
D: lateral aspect of sclera
A: abduction of eye
I: abducens n.

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19
Q

P, D, A, I Superior oblique

A

P: Superomedial, posterior aspect of the orbit
D: superb lateral, posterior aspect of the sclera passing around trochlea (superomedial, anterior aspect of the orbit)
A: depression, abduction, & intorsion of the eye
I: trochlear n.

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20
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

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21
Q

P, D, A, I Masseter

A

P: zygomatic arch
D: angle of mandible & lateral aspect of ramus
A: elevation, protraction, & retraction (deep fibers) of mandible
I: mandibular n. (V3)

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22
Q

P, D, A, I Temporalis

A

P: temporal fossa
D: coronoid process & anterior border of ramus of mandible
A: Elevation & retraction (post. Aspect) of mandible
I: mandibular n. (V3)

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23
Q

P, D, A, I Lateral pterygoid

A

P: infratemporal surface of sphenoid & lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
D: neck of mandible and TMJ disc
A: depresses mandible, protracts & acts with ipsilateral pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce side to side movements while chewing
I: mandibular n. (V3)

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24
Q

P, D, A, I Medial pterygoid

A

P: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate & adjacent maxilla
D: medial aspect of angle of mandible
A: elevation of mandible and acts with ipsilateral lateral pterygoid to rotate mandible for side to side movements during trituration of food
I: mandibular n. (V3)

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25
Q

How many Anterolateral neck muscles?

A

16

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26
Q

P, D, A, I Anterior digastric

A

P: digastric fossa of mandible
D: intermediate tendon
A: depression of mandible or elevation of hyoid
I: mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar n. (CN V3)

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27
Q

P, D, A, I Posterior digastric

A

P: temporal mastoid notch
D: intermediate tendon
A: depression of mandible or elevation of hyoid
I: facial n.

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28
Q

P, D, A, I Genio hyoid

A

P: inferior genial tubercle of mandible
D: anterior aspect of body of the hyoid
A: elevation of tongue and hyoid or depresses mandible
I: ventral ramus of C1 vis CN XII

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29
Q

P, D, A, I Longus capitis

A

P: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
D: basilar occipital bone
A: flexion of the head & neck (bilateral) and ipsilateral rotation (unilateral)
I: ventral rami of cervical spinal n. (C1-3)

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30
Q

P, D, A, I Longus coli

A

P: cervical vertebral bodies
D: cervical vertebral bodies & transverse processes
A: flexion, lateral flexion of the neck, and ipsilateral rotation
I: ventral rami of cervical spinal n. (C2-7)

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31
Q

P, D, A, I Mylohyoid

A

P: mylohoid line of mandible
D: midline raphe and anterior asepct of body of hyoid
A: elevation of the floor of oral cavity
I: mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar n. (CN V3)

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32
Q

P, D, A, I Omohyoid

A

P: superior border of the scapula medial to scapular notch
D: lateral aspect of the hyoid passing through an intermediate tendon sling loosely associated w/ clavicle & 1st rib
A: depression of hyoid
I: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)

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33
Q

P, D, A, I Anterior scalene

A

P: anterior tubercles of middle cervical vertebrae
D: scalene tubercle of 1st rib
A: elevation of 1st rib (forced inspiration) & lateral flexion & contralateral rotation of neck
I: lower ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

34
Q

P, D, A, I Middle scalene

A

P: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
D: 1st rib
A: elevation of 1st rib (forced insp.) & lateral flexion & contralateral rotation of neck
I: lower ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

35
Q

P, D, A, I Posterior scalene

A

P: lower cervical transverse processes
D: 2nd rib
A: elevation of rib (forced insp) & lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of neck
I: ventral rami of cervical spinal n. (C6-8)

36
Q

P, D, A, I Sternocleido mastoid

A

P: lateral aspect of mastoid process & superior nuchal line
D: manubrium & medial 1/3 clavicle
A: flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion, extensrion of head and neck, & contralateral rotation of the head
I: accessory n & C1-2

37
Q

P, D, A, I Sternohyoid

A

P: posterior side of proximal clavicle & adjacent manubrium
D: inferior border of body of hyoid
A: depresses hyoid
I: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)

38
Q

P, D, A, I Sternothyroid

A

P: posterior aspect of manubrium & costal cartilage of 1st rib
D: thyroid lamina
A: depression of elevated larynx
I: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)

39
Q

P, D, A, I Stylohyoid

A

P: styloid process of temporal bone
D: body of hyoid bone
A: elevation & retraction of hyoid
I: facial n.

40
Q

P, D, A, I Thyrohyoid

A

P: thyroid lamina
D: greater horn of hyoid bone
A: depression of hyoid or elevation of thyroid cartilage
I: ventral ramus of C1 via XII

41
Q

P, D, A, I Cricothyroid

A

P: cricoid cartilage
D: thyroid cartilage
A: tension and elongation of vocal folds
I: external laryngeal n. (CN X)

42
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the neck?

A

Splenius capitis
Longissimus capitis
Semispinalis capitis

43
Q

P, D, A, I Splenius capitis

A

P: ligamentum nuchae and lower cervical & upper thoracic spinous processes
D: lateral 1/3rd of superior nuchal line
A: extension & lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of head
I: dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.

44
Q

P, D, A, I Longissimus capitis

A

P: upper thoracic transverse processes
D: posterior margin of mastoid process
A: extension & lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation of head
I: dorsal rami of spinal n.

45
Q

P, D, A, I Semispinalis capitis

A

P: upper thoracic & cervical transverse processes
D: occipital bone between sup & inf nucal lines
A: extension & contralateral rotation of the head
I: dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.

46
Q

Name the 4 Suboccipital muscles?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major & minor
Obliquus capitis inferior & superior

47
Q

P, D, A, I Rectus capitis posterior major

A

P: spinous process C2
D: lateral aspect inferior nuchal line
A: extension and ipsilateral rotation of head
I: suboccipital n.

48
Q

P, D, A, I Rectus capitis posterior minor

A

P: tubercle on posterior arch C1
D: medial aspect inferior nuchal line
A: extension of head
I: suboccipital n.

49
Q

P, D, A, I Obliquus capitis inferior

A

P: spinous process of C2
D: transverse process C1
A: ipsilateral rotation of neck
I: suboccipital n.

50
Q

P, D, A, I Obliquus capitis superior

A

P: transverse process of C1
D: area between superior and inferior nuchal lines on occibital bones
A: extension and lateral flexion of head
I: suboccipital n.

51
Q

What are the deep cervical fasciae?

A

Investing/Deep fascia of extremities
Pretrachial fascia
Prevertebral fascia
Carotid Sheath

52
Q

What are the contents of the investing/deep fascia of extremities?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

53
Q

What are the contents of the pretracheal fascia?

A

Thyroid cartilege
Trachea

54
Q

What are the contents of the prevertebral fascia?

A

Cervical vertebral column (C5?)

55
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A

Internal jugular vein
Common Carotid a.
Cranial n. X (vagus n.)

56
Q

What anterior muscles of the neck are suprahyoid muscles?

A

mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
digastric

57
Q

What anterior muscles of the neck are infrahyoid muscles?

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

58
Q

What are the 2 major triangles of the neck? What are their boundaries?

A

Anterior triangle
-Mandible, midline of neck, ant. aspect of SCM
Posterior Triangle
-Clavicle, anterior trapezius, post. aspect of SCM

59
Q

What triangles are found within the anterior triangle?

A

Submandibular Triangle
Submental Triangle
Carotid Triangle
Muscular Triangle

60
Q

What triangles are found within the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Supraclavicular Triangle
Occipital Triangle

61
Q

Describe the borders and contents of the Muscular Triangle

A

Anterior aspect of SCM
Midline of Neck
Superior Omohyoid

Contains the anterior mm. of the neck.

62
Q

Describe the borders and contents of the Carotid Triangle

A

Anterior aspect of SCM
Superior Omohyoid
Posterior Digastric

Contains the common carotid artery.

63
Q

Describe the borders and contents of the Occipital Triangle

A

Anterior Trapezius
Inferior belly Omohyoid
Posterior aspect of SCM

Contains the trunks of the Brachial Plexus andd Cranial Nerve XI

64
Q

Describe the borders of the Submandibular Triangle

A

Mandible
Anterior Digastric
Posterior Digastric

65
Q

Describe the borders of the Submental Triangle

A

Anterior Digastric
Mandible
Hyoid bone

66
Q

Describe the borders and contents of the Supraclavicular Triangle

A

Posterior aspect of SCM
Inferior Omohyoid
Clavicle

Contains the Subclavian Artery and Thyrocervical Trunk with it’s 4 branches.
(notably transverse cervical & suprascapular)

67
Q

Name the pharyngeal arches?

A

Mandibular Arch
Hyoid Arch
Third Arch
Fourth Arch
Sixth Arch

*5th arch got reabsorbed :(

68
Q

What structures orginated from the Mandibular Arch?

A

Mm: mm. of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior digastric

Trigeminal n. (CN V3) *sensory & motor

69
Q

What structures originated from the Hyoid Arch?

A

Mm: mm. of facial expression, posterior digastric, stylohyoid

Facial n. (CN VII)

70
Q

What structures originated from the Third Arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus m.

Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)

71
Q

What structures originated from the Fourth Arch?

A

Mm: Cricothyroid, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Vagus n. (CN X) -superior laryngeal

72
Q

What structures originate from the Sixth Arch?

A

Intrinsic laryngeal m.

Vagus n. (CN X) -recurrent laryngeal

73
Q

What is special about the digastric muscle?

A

The digastric muscle has dual innervation as a result of the pharyngeal arches.
CN V3 & VII

74
Q

What are the parasinus cavities of the skull?

A

Frontal Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
Sphenoidal Sinus

75
Q

What bones contribute to the 4 walls of the orbit? Which walls?

A

Roof: Frontal bone & lesser wing of sphenoid
Medial Wall: ethmoid bone & lacrimal bone
Floor: maxilla & zygomatic bone
Lateral Wall: zygomatic bone & greater wing of sphenoid

*6 bones total

76
Q

Name the 3 cranial fossae

A

Anterior Cranial Fossa
Middle Cranial Fossa
Posterior Cranial Fossa

77
Q

Name the boundaries and contents of the anterior crainial fossa

A

Orbital surface of frontal bone & lesser wing of sphenoid

Frontal lobe of brain, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract

78
Q

Name the boundaries and contents of the middle cranial fossa

A

Body and greater wings of spenoid bone, petrous and squamous parts of temporal bones

Temporal lobes of brain & pituitary gland

79
Q

Name the boundaries and contents of the posterior cranial fossa

A

Occipital bone & mastoid part of temporal bone

Brainstem & cerebellum

80
Q
A
81
Q
A

DPTR 5001 - Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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