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DPTR 5001 - Clinical Anatomy > Gluteal, Thigh, & Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Gluteal, Thigh, & Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Describe fascia lata’s organization

A

Fascia lata is an extension of the inguinal ligament and is the deep fascia surrounding the muscles of the thigh
Organization:
Iliotibial tract
Lateral & Medial Intemuscular Septum
Saphenous Opening

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2
Q

Describe the iliotibial tract

A

Fascia lata’s lateral thickening is named the iliotibial tract (“IT band”)
which extends from tensor fascia latae & gluteus max mm. to proximal lateral tibia

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3
Q

What are the functions of the Lateral & Medial intermuscular speta of the fascia lata

A

Lateral: separates anterior & posterior compartments of thigh
Medial: separates anteior & medial compartments

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the saphenous opening in the fascia lata?

A

Oval opening in proximal aspect of fascia lata where the great saphenous vein gains access to the femoral vein

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5
Q

Describe the contents, actions, and innervations of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

Act: flexes hip & extends knee
Mm: Sartorius, tensor fascia latae, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, lateralis, & intermedius
I: Femoral n. (L2-L4) & superior gluteal n. (TFL only)

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6
Q

Describe the contents, actions, innervations, and blood supply of the Medial Compartment of the Thigh

A

Act: Adduct thigh & lateral rotation
Mm: gracillis, adductor longus, brevis & magnus, pectineus
I: Obturator n (L2-4)
*Ad. mag: sciatic n. (L4-S1)
*Pectineus: obturator & femoral n.
Blood supply by obturator a.

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7
Q

Describe the contents, actions, and innervation of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

Act: Extend thigh & flex leg
Mm: Hamstrings- biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
I: tibial division of sciatic n. (L5-S2)
*L5-S3 for long head of biceps femoris m.

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8
Q

Describe the boundaries and contents of the Femoral triangle

A

Borders: Inguinal ligament, adductor longus m., sartorious m.
Floor: illiopsoas & pectineus mm.
In order from lat. to med.:
Femoral n.
Femoral a.
Femoral v.

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9
Q

What structures form the Greater Sciatic Foramina?

A

Anterior sacroilliac lig
Sacrotuberous lig.
Sacrospinous lig.
Greater sciatic notch

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10
Q

What are the contents of the Greater Sciatic Foramina?

A

Piriformis m.
Sciatic n.
Posterior femoral cutaneous n.
Superior & Inferior gluteal vessels & n.
Internal pudendal vessels
Pudendal n.

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11
Q

What structures form the Lesser Sciatic Foramen?

A

Spine of ischium
Sacrotuberous lig
Tuberosity of ischium

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12
Q

What are the contents of the Lesser Sciatic Foramen?

A

Obturator internus m.
Internal pudendal vessels
Pudendal n.

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13
Q

Describe the Trendelenburg/Hip Drop gait and the key anatomy behind it.

A

This abnormal gait arrises from weakness of the hip abductor muscles and is characterized by the opposite/contralateral hip dropping during ambulation.
Weakness of the hip abductors, primarily gluteus medius makes it unable for the pelvis to remain stable during movement.

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14
Q

Name the dermatomal landmarks of the Lumbar spinal roots

A

L1: inguinal/groin region
L2: Hip
L3: Knee
L4: Big toe/ first digit
L5: flip flop spot

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15
Q

Name dermatomal landmarks of the Sacral spinal roots

A

S1: Little toe/5th digit
S2: popliteal fossa & anterior external genitalia
S3: buttocks & anterior external genitalia
S4-S5: Anal region

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16
Q

Describe the typical blood supply of the head and neck of the femur and how this changes with age

A

Children >10 yrs: primary a. supply is obturator a.
Adults: medial circumflex femoral a.

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17
Q

What are the contents of the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral a.
Femoral v.
Femoral canal (lymph)

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18
Q

Where would you take the femoral pulse?

A

Inferior to inguinal ligament
Midway between ASIS & pubic symphysis

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19
Q

What are the primary motions at the hip?

A

Flexion/Extension
Internal/External rotation
Abduction/Adduction
Circumduction

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20
Q

What are the primary motions at the knee?

A

Flexion/Extension
small degree of medial/lateral rotation

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21
Q

What are the primary motions of the thigh?

A

Flexion/Extension
Adduction/Adduction
Internal/External Rotation

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22
Q

What are the three ligaments restricting movements at the Pelvic Girdle & Hip?

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

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23
Q

Name the attachments and resisted movement of the Iliofemoral ligament?

A

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine to Intertrochanteric line of Femur
limits extension of thigh at the hip

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24
Q

Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Pubofemoral ligament?

A

Iliopubic eminence and Superior Pubic Ramus to Fibrous Capsule
limits abduction of femur

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25
Q

Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Ischiofemoral ligament?

A

Ischium Posterior to Acetabulum to Greater Trochanter and Iliofemoral ligament
assists the iliofemoral lig. in limiting extension of femur

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26
Q

Name the ligaments resisting movement at the knee joint?

A

Medial Collateral Ligament
Lateral Collateral Lig
Anterior Cruciate Lig
Posterior Cruciate Lig
Patellar Lig

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27
Q

Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Medial Collateral ligament?

A

From medial epicondyle of femur to medial epicondyle & shaft of tibia

Stabilizes medial aspect of the joint/ resists genu valgus

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28
Q

Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Lateral Collateral ligament?

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

Stabilizes lateral aspect of joint/resists genu varus

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29
Q

Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Anterior Cruciate ligament?

A

Medial part of Ant. intercondylar are of tibia to post. part of medial surface of lateral condyle of femur

prevents posterior displacement of femur when loaded and hyperextension of knee

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30
Q

Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Posterior Cruciate ligament?

A

Posterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral surface of medial condyle of femur

Prevents anterior displacement of femur when loaded

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31
Q

Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Patellar ligament?

A

Apex of patella to tibial tuberosity

Resists knee flexion

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32
Q

What ligaments are at the thickening of the Hip Joint Capsule?

A

Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Iliofemoral

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33
Q

What ligaments are at the thickening of the Knee Joint Capsule?

A

Extracapsular Ligaments:
-MCL
-LCL
-Patellar ligament

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34
Q

What is the synovial classification of the Sacroiliac joint?

A

plane/gliding

35
Q

What is the synovial classification of the hip joint?

A

ball & socket

36
Q

What is the synovial classification of the Tibiofemoral joint?

A

bi-condylar

37
Q

What is the synovial classification of the Proximal Tibiofibular joint?

A

plane/gliding

38
Q

Describe identifying features of the medial meniscus?

A

“C” shaped
Larger

39
Q

Describe identifying features of the lateral meniscus?

A

“O” shaped
Smaller2

40
Q

Axon function of Quadratus Lumborum muscular branch n.

A

Sensory, Postganglionic sympathetic, & motor innervation

41
Q

Axon function of Psoas muscular branch n.

A

Sensory, Postganglionic sympathetic, & motor innervation

42
Q

Axon functions in Lateral Femoral Cutaneous n.

A

Sensory & Postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin

43
Q

Axon functions in Saphenous n.

A

Sensory & Postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin

44
Q

Axon functions in muscular branches of Femoral n.

A

Sensory, Postganglionic sympathetic & motor innervation

45
Q

Axon functions in Obturator n.

A

Sensory, Postganglionic sympathetic & motor innervation

46
Q

Axon functions in Perforating cutaneous sensory branch of Sacral plexus

A

Sensory & Postganglionic sympathetic

47
Q

Axon functions in Posterior Cutaneous n of thigh

A

Sensory & Postganglionic sympathetic

48
Q

Axon functions in Superior gluteal n.

A

Sensory, Postganglionic sympathetic & motor innervation

49
Q

Axon functions in Inferior gluteal n.

A

Sensory, Postganglionic sympathetic & motor innervation

50
Q

Axon functions in Sciatic n. Tibial and Fivular division Muscular Branches

A

Sensory, Postganglionic sympathetic & motor innervation

51
Q

Path of the Sciatic n.

A

Between the greater torchanter and Ischial tuberosity
Split around 2/3 of thigh

52
Q

Path of Tibial n.

A

Posterior path supplies posterior leg, hell, and plantar surface of foot

53
Q

Path of Fibular n.

A

Wraps around head of fibula
Splits into Superficial and Deep

54
Q

Path of the Obturator n.

A

Emerges inferior to Superior Pubic Ramus and superior to Adductor brevis and turns into a cutaneous branch

55
Q

Path of Femoral n.

A

Saphenous branch descends through femoral triangle and enters adductor canal

56
Q

What two muscles make up Iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus & Psoas Major

57
Q

P, D, A, I Iliacus

A

P: Iliac fossa, Iliac crest, Scral ala & sacroiliac lig
D: Lesser trochanter of femur
A: flexes and stabilizes hip joint
I: femoral n. (L2-L4)

58
Q

P, D, A, I Psoas major

A

P: anterior transverse processes, vertebral bodies & discs of T12-L5
D: lesser trochanter of femur
A: flexes and stabilizes hip joint
I: ventral rami L1-L4 (from lumbar plexus)

59
Q

P, D, A, I Rectus femoris

A

P: anterior inferior iliac spine and groove superior to acetabulum
D: base of patella
A: flexes hip & extends knee
I: femoral n. (L2-L4)

60
Q

P, D, A, I Sartorius

A

P: anterior superior iliac spine
D: medial aspect of proximal tibia
A: flex, abduct & laterally rotate hip and flex & assist in medial rotation of knee
I: femoral n. (L2-L3)

61
Q

P, D, A, I Tensor fascia latae

A

P: anterior superior iliac spine & external lip iliac crest
D: iliotibial tract
A: abduct, flex, medially rotate hip and assist in maintaining knee extension
I: superior gluteal n. (L4-S1)

62
Q

P, D, A, I Vastus intermedius

A

P: anterior aspect of proximal 2/3rd femoral shaft
D: lateral border of patella
A: extend knee
I: femoral n. (L2-L4)

63
Q

P, D, A, I Vastus lateralis

A

P: intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, & linea aspera
D: base & lateral border of patella
A: extends knee
I: femoral n. (L2-L4)

64
Q

P, D, A, I Vastus medialis

A

P: intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera, & medial supracondylar line
D: base & medial border of patella
A: extend leg
I: femoral n. (L2-L4)

65
Q

P, D, A, I Adductor brevis

A

P: inferior pubic ramus
D: distal 2/3 pectineal line & medial lip linea aspera
A: adduct and flex hip
I: obturator n. (L2-L4)

66
Q

P, D, A, I Adductor longus

A

P: pubic crest
D: medial lip linea aspera
A: adducts, medially rotates, & flexes hip
I: obturator n. (L2-L4)

67
Q

P, D, A, I Adductor magnus Adductor Part

A

P: inferior pubic ramus ischial ramus & tuberosity
D: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera
A: adducts and flexes hip
I: Obturator n. (L2-L4)

68
Q

P, D, A, I Adductor magnus Hamstrings part

A

P: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus & tuberosity
D: medial supracondylar ridge & adductor tubercle
A: extends hip
I: Tibial division of sciatic n. (L4-S1)

69
Q

P, D, A, I Gracilis

A

P: body of pubis & inf. pubic ramus
D: medial surface tibia
A: flex & medially rotate knee, and adducts hip
I: Obturator n. (L2-L4)

70
Q

P, D, A, I Pectineus

A

P: superior pubic ramus
D: femur between lesser trochanter and linea aspera
A: adducts and flexes hip
I: Femoral & Obturator nn. (L2-L4)

71
Q

P, D, A, I Obturator externus

A

P: rami of pubis and ischium ; external surface obturator membrane
D: trochanteric fossa
A: laterally rotates hip
I: Obturator n. (L3-L4)

72
Q

P, D, A, I Superior gemellus

A

P: external surface spine of ischium via obt. internus tendon
D: greater trochanter
A: laterally rotates hip
I: Sacral plexus (L5-S2)

73
Q

P, D, A, I Inferior gemellus

A

P: proximal ischial tuberosity vis obt. internus tendon
D: greater trochanter
A: laterally rotates hip
I: Sacral plexus (L4-S1)

74
Q

P, D, A, I Gluteus maximus

A

P: aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberous lig & post gluteal line
D: greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
A: extend & laterally rotate hip
I: inferior gluteal n. (L5-S2)

75
Q

P, D, A, I Gluteus medius

A

P: external iliac surface
D: oblique ridge on lateral aspect of greater trochanter, gluteal aponeuroisis
A: Abducts & medially rotates hip, keeps pelvis level w/opp leg raised
I: Superior gluteal n. (L4-S1)

76
Q

P, D, A, I Gluteus minimus

A

P: external iliac surface and margin of greater sciatic notch
D: anterolateral aspect of greater trochanter
A: abducts & medially rotates hip, keeps pelvis level w/ opp leg raised
I: Superior gluteal n. (L4-S1)

77
Q

P, D, A, I Obturator internus

A

P: anterolateral wall of pelvis & obturator membrane
D: medial surface of greater trochanter
A: laterally rotates hip
I: nerve to obturator internus (sacral plexus, L5-S2)

78
Q

P, D, A, I Piriformis

A

P: anterolateral sacrum & posterior inferior iliac spine
D: upper border of greater trochanter
A: abducts & laterally rotates hip
I: nerve to piriformis (S1-S2)

79
Q

P, D, A, I Quadratus femoris

A

P: ishcial tuberosity
D: quadrate tubercle of femur
A: laterally rotates hip
I: nerve to quadratus femoris (sacral plexus, L4-S1)

80
Q

P, D, A, I Biceps femoris
Long Head

A

P: ishial tuberosity
D: lateral side of fibular head
A: flexes & laterally rotates knee, extends hip
I: Tibial division of sciatic n. (L5-S3)

81
Q

P, D, A, I Biceps femoris
Short Head

A

P: Lateral supracondylar line
D: lateral side of fibular head
A: flexes & laterally rotates knee
I: Fibular division of sciatic n. (L5-S2)

82
Q

P, D, A, I Semimembranosus

A

P: Ischial tuberosity
D: posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle
A: Extends hip, and felxes & medially rotates knee
I: tibial division of sciatic n. (L4-S2)

83
Q

P, D, A, I Semitendinosus

A

P: ischial tuberosity
D: proximal medial tibia
A: extends hip, flexes & medially rotates knee
I: tibial division of sciatic n. (L4-S2)

DPTR 5001 - Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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