Gluteal, Thigh, & Popliteal Fossa Flashcards
Describe fascia lata’s organization
Fascia lata is an extension of the inguinal ligament and is the deep fascia surrounding the muscles of the thigh
Organization:
Iliotibial tract
Lateral & Medial Intemuscular Septum
Saphenous Opening
Describe the iliotibial tract
Fascia lata’s lateral thickening is named the iliotibial tract (“IT band”)
which extends from tensor fascia latae & gluteus max mm. to proximal lateral tibia
What are the functions of the Lateral & Medial intermuscular speta of the fascia lata
Lateral: separates anterior & posterior compartments of thigh
Medial: separates anteior & medial compartments
What is the purpose of the saphenous opening in the fascia lata?
Oval opening in proximal aspect of fascia lata where the great saphenous vein gains access to the femoral vein
Describe the contents, actions, and innervations of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
Act: flexes hip & extends knee
Mm: Sartorius, tensor fascia latae, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, lateralis, & intermedius
I: Femoral n. (L2-L4) & superior gluteal n. (TFL only)
Describe the contents, actions, innervations, and blood supply of the Medial Compartment of the Thigh
Act: Adduct thigh & lateral rotation
Mm: gracillis, adductor longus, brevis & magnus, pectineus
I: Obturator n (L2-4)
*Ad. mag: sciatic n. (L4-S1)
*Pectineus: obturator & femoral n.
Blood supply by obturator a.
Describe the contents, actions, and innervation of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
Act: Extend thigh & flex leg
Mm: Hamstrings- biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
I: tibial division of sciatic n. (L5-S2)
*L5-S3 for long head of biceps femoris m.
Describe the boundaries and contents of the Femoral triangle
Borders: Inguinal ligament, adductor longus m., sartorious m.
Floor: illiopsoas & pectineus mm.
In order from lat. to med.:
Femoral n.
Femoral a.
Femoral v.
What structures form the Greater Sciatic Foramina?
Anterior sacroilliac lig
Sacrotuberous lig.
Sacrospinous lig.
Greater sciatic notch
What are the contents of the Greater Sciatic Foramina?
Piriformis m.
Sciatic n.
Posterior femoral cutaneous n.
Superior & Inferior gluteal vessels & n.
Internal pudendal vessels
Pudendal n.
What structures form the Lesser Sciatic Foramen?
Spine of ischium
Sacrotuberous lig
Tuberosity of ischium
What are the contents of the Lesser Sciatic Foramen?
Obturator internus m.
Internal pudendal vessels
Pudendal n.
Describe the Trendelenburg/Hip Drop gait and the key anatomy behind it.
This abnormal gait arrises from weakness of the hip abductor muscles and is characterized by the opposite/contralateral hip dropping during ambulation.
Weakness of the hip abductors, primarily gluteus medius makes it unable for the pelvis to remain stable during movement.
Name the dermatomal landmarks of the Lumbar spinal roots
L1: inguinal/groin region
L2: Hip
L3: Knee
L4: Big toe/ first digit
L5: flip flop spot
Name dermatomal landmarks of the Sacral spinal roots
S1: Little toe/5th digit
S2: popliteal fossa & anterior external genitalia
S3: buttocks & anterior external genitalia
S4-S5: Anal region
Describe the typical blood supply of the head and neck of the femur and how this changes with age
Children >10 yrs: primary a. supply is obturator a.
Adults: medial circumflex femoral a.
What are the contents of the femoral sheath?
Femoral a.
Femoral v.
Femoral canal (lymph)
Where would you take the femoral pulse?
Inferior to inguinal ligament
Midway between ASIS & pubic symphysis
What are the primary motions at the hip?
Flexion/Extension
Internal/External rotation
Abduction/Adduction
Circumduction
What are the primary motions at the knee?
Flexion/Extension
small degree of medial/lateral rotation
What are the primary motions of the thigh?
Flexion/Extension
Adduction/Adduction
Internal/External Rotation
What are the three ligaments restricting movements at the Pelvic Girdle & Hip?
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Name the attachments and resisted movement of the Iliofemoral ligament?
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine to Intertrochanteric line of Femur
limits extension of thigh at the hip
Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Pubofemoral ligament?
Iliopubic eminence and Superior Pubic Ramus to Fibrous Capsule
limits abduction of femur
Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Ischiofemoral ligament?
Ischium Posterior to Acetabulum to Greater Trochanter and Iliofemoral ligament
assists the iliofemoral lig. in limiting extension of femur
Name the ligaments resisting movement at the knee joint?
Medial Collateral Ligament
Lateral Collateral Lig
Anterior Cruciate Lig
Posterior Cruciate Lig
Patellar Lig
Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Medial Collateral ligament?
From medial epicondyle of femur to medial epicondyle & shaft of tibia
Stabilizes medial aspect of the joint/ resists genu valgus
Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Lateral Collateral ligament?
Lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
Stabilizes lateral aspect of joint/resists genu varus
Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Anterior Cruciate ligament?
Medial part of Ant. intercondylar are of tibia to post. part of medial surface of lateral condyle of femur
prevents posterior displacement of femur when loaded and hyperextension of knee
Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Posterior Cruciate ligament?
Posterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral surface of medial condyle of femur
Prevents anterior displacement of femur when loaded
Name the attachments and restricted movement of the Patellar ligament?
Apex of patella to tibial tuberosity
Resists knee flexion
What ligaments are at the thickening of the Hip Joint Capsule?
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Iliofemoral
What ligaments are at the thickening of the Knee Joint Capsule?
Extracapsular Ligaments:
-MCL
-LCL
-Patellar ligament