Cubital Fossa & Anterior Forearm Outcomes

Question 1

P, D, A, I Brachioradialis

Answer 1

P: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
D: distal radius lateral to styloid process
A: flexes elbow
I: radial n. (C5-6)

Question 2

P, D, A, I Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 2

P: medial epicondyle
D: palmar aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
A: flexes and abducts hand at wrist, maybe assists pronation of forearm and flexion of elbow
I: median n. (C6-8)

Question 3

P, D, A, I Flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 3

P: medial epicondyle of humerus & proximal ulnar shaft
D: pisiform
A: flexes and adducts hand @ wrist (ulnar deviation), assists in flexion of elbow
I: ulnar n (C7-T1)

Question 4

P, D, A, I Flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 4

P: anterior proximal 2/3 of ulna & interosseuos membrane
D: base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexion of digits 2-5, & flexion of hand at wrist
I: median (ant. interossesous n; 2-3rd digits) & ulnar (4-5th digits) nn. (C7-T1)

Question 5

P, D, A, I Flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 5

P: medial epicondyle of humerus
D: sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexion of digits & hand @ wrist
I: median n. (C7-T1)

Question 6

P, D, A, I Flexor pollicis longus

Answer 6

P: anterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane
D: base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: flexes thumb
I: median n. (anterior interosseous n) (C7-T1)

Question 7

P, D, A, I Palmaris longus

Answer 7

P: medial epicondyle
D: palmar aponeurosis
A: flexes hand @ wrist & tenses palmar fascia
I: median n. (C7-8)

Question 8

P, D, A, I Pronator quadratus

Answer 8

P: anterior surface of distal ulna
D: anterior surface of distal radius
A: pronates forearm
I: median n. (anterior interosseous n.) (C8-T1)

Question 9

P, D, A, I Pronator teres

Answer 9

P: medial epicondyle & ulnar coronoid process
D: lateral aspect of radius
A: pronates & flexes forearm
I: median n. (C6-7)

Question 10

What is the common flexor origin?

Answer 10

The medial epicondyle of the humerus
* all ant forearm except: pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, brachioradialis

Question 11

What are the joints of the elbow?

Answer 11

1: Humeroulnar
2: Humeroradial
3: Proximal radio-ulnar (not elbow)

Question 12

Synovial classification of the two joints making elbow?

Answer 12

1: Humeroulnar: hinge
2: Humeroradial: plane/gliding

Question 13

Synovial classification of proximal radio-ulnar?

Answer 13

Pivot

Question 14

What are the ligaments (4) of the elbow and forearm?

Answer 14

1: Ulnar collateral
2: Radial collateral
3: Anular
4: Interosseous membrane

Question 15

What elbow/forearm ligament resists excessive cubital valgus? Attachments?

Answer 15

Ulnar Collateral
Medial epicondyle to medial margin of coronoid process & olecranon process

Question 16

What elbow/forearm ligament resists excessive cubital varus? Attachments?

Answer 16

Radial collateral
Lateral epicondyle to anular ligament

Question 17

What is the function of the anular ligament?

Answer 17

stabilize the proximal radioulnar joint

Question 18

What are the attachments of the anular ligament?

Answer 18

Anterior margin of radial notch to posterior margin of radial notch surrounding head of radius

Question 19

What are the attachements of the interosseous membrane which provides stability during pronation and supination?

Answer 19

Interosseous border of radius to interosseous border of ulna

Question 20

What are the bursae of the elbow?

Answer 20

8 total bursae, but focus on:
olecranon bursae- 3
-subtendinous
-intratendinous
-subcutaneus

Question 21

Why are there bursae at the elbow?

Answer 21

helps skin to glide over olecranon process

Question 22

Describe radial head subluxation.

Answer 22

Radial head slips from under the anular ligament and subluxes or dislocates from the capitulum of humerus
Signs: inability to supinate,pain
Most common in kids because the annular ligament is still weaker
Mechanism: traction or pulling

Question 23

Describe olecranon bursitis injury

Answer 23

Inflammation of the bursae at the tip of the olecranon as a result of impact at the elbow or extended periods of pressure at the elbow such as improper sling fitting or crawling/leaning on elbows

Question 24

What are the fascial compartments of the anterior forearm?

Answer 24

1: Superficial
2: Intermediate
3: Deep

Question 25

What are the muscles of the superficial-anterior compartment of forearm?

Answer 25

-Pronator teres
-Flexor carpi ulnaris
-Palmaris longus
-Flexor carpi radialis

Question 26

What is the muscle of the intermediate fascial compartment of ant. forearm?

Answer 26

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 27

What are the muscles of the deep fascial compartment of ant. forearm?

Answer 27

Brachioradialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

Question 28

What nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior forearm? What are the exceptions?

Answer 28

Median n.

Flexor carpi ulnaris & flexor digitum profundus digits 4-5 -> ulnar n.
Pronator quadratus-> anterior interosseous n. from median n.

Question 29

What is the blood supply for the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 29

Radial a.
Ulnar a.
Ant. interosseus

Question 30

What neurovascular structures would be injured by a bone fracture located at the medial epicondyle of humerus?

Answer 30

Ulnar Recurrent aa. ( ant/post)
Ulnar a.
Ulnar n.