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DPTR 5001 - Clinical Anatomy > Spine and Deep Back > Flashcards

Spine and Deep Back Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the function of the vertebral arch

A

Protection of spinal cord

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2
Q

Identify and describe the function of the orange structure.

A

Spinous process
Muscle attachment and movement

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3
Q

Identify the green structure.

A

Pedicles

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4
Q

Identify and describe the function of the red structure.

A

Transverse process
Muscle attachment and movement

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5
Q

Identify the purple structure.

A

Lamina

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6
Q

Identify and describe the function of the yellow structure.

A

Superior articular process
Restriction of movement

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7
Q

Identify and describe the function of the blue structure.

A

Vertebral body
Supports bodyweight

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8
Q

Identify and describe the function of the shaded structure.

A

Vertebral foramina
Spinal cord runs through

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9
Q

Describe the changes in vertebrae with advancing age

A

Decreases in bone density
Articular surfaces bow inward
Periphery begins to compress
Osteophytes form in response

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10
Q

Describe the development of spinal curvatures

A

Primary curvatures in spine at infancy are kyphotic
-Thoracic & Sacral
Secondary curvatures in spine develop with supporting head & body weight
- Cervical & Lumbar

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11
Q

What are abnormal curvatures of the spine?

A

Excessive Kyphosis
Excessive Lordosis
Scoliosis

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12
Q

What abnormal spinal curvature is this?

A

Excessive Kyphosis

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13
Q

What abnormal spinal curvature is this?

A

Excessive Lordosis

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14
Q

What abnormal spinal curvature is this?

A

Scoliosis

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15
Q

Identify the labeled parts of this intervertebral disc

A

1: nucleus pulposus
2: annulus fibrosus
3: cartilaginous end plate
4: anterior longitudinal ligament
5: posterior longitudinal ligament

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16
Q

Describe a posterolateral disc herniation.

A

Posterolateral disc herniations are most common
The nucleus pulposus protrudes out of the annulus fibrosus where it is thinnest and lacks structural support from the ant & post longitudinal ligaments
The herniation in this direction is more likely to compress the nerve root and cause sypmtoms

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17
Q

What are the six ligaments of the spine?

A
  • anterior longitudinal
  • posterior longitudinal
  • supraspinous
  • interspinous
  • ligamentum flavum
  • intertransverse
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18
Q

What motion does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?

A

hyperextension

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19
Q

What motion does the posterior longitudinal ligament limit?

A

hyperflexion

*can help prevent disc herniation

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20
Q

What motion does the supraspinous ligament limit?

A

hyperflexion and separation of spinous processes during flexion

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21
Q

What motion does the interspinous ligament limit?

A

flexion

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22
Q

What motion does the intertransverse ligament limit?

A

lateral flexion

23
Q

What motion does the ligamentum flavum limit?

A

separation of the laminae during flexion

24
Q

Describe the structure of ligamentum nuchae and it’s function.

A

Spans the external occipital protuberance to the spinous process of C7
Thick and triangular ligament
Resists flexion of the cervical spine

25
Q

What are the six primary movements of the spine?

A

Flexion /Extension
Lateral Flexion/ Lateral Extension
Rotation of head/neck
Rotation of trunk

26
Q

Describe spine movement at the cervical spine

A

*all movements
Flex/Ext
Lateral Flex/Ext
Axial rotation (C1&C2)

27
Q

Describe spine movement at the thoracic spine

A

Does best in rotation

Flexion/extension and lateral flexion limited by rib connections

28
Q

Describe spinal movement at the lumbar spine

A

Primarily flexion and extension, some lateral flexion/ext
Limited rotation

29
Q

How does facet joint orientation affect spinal movements?

A

The facets of the articular processes are regions of joint contact.
The angle of orientation allows for/limits spinal movement.

30
Q

What is the angle of orientation of the facets at the cervical spine?

A

45 degrees

in frontal plane allows for all movements

31
Q

What is the angle of orientation of the facets at the thoracic spine?

A

60 degrees

more oblique orientation allows more rotation and less flex/ext

32
Q

What is the angle of orientation of the facets at the lumbar spine?

A

90 degrees

more vertical allows for flex/ext but less rotation

33
Q

Describe the meningeal coverings of the spinal cord

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater (dura narrows to denticulate ligaments/lateral expansions that anchor the spinal cord to the dura)

34
Q

Describe spinal stenosis at the lumbar level

A

Spinal stenosis is narrowing of the vertebral canal that can cause compression of one or more spinal roots that occupy the canal

Patients may present with lower extremity motor & sensory symptoms

35
Q

What muscles make up the superficial layer of the extrinsic back muscles?

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
rhomboids

36
Q

What muscles make up the intermediate layer of the extrinsic back muscles?

A

Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior Inferior

37
Q

What muscles make up the supericial layer of the Intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

Splenius capitus
Splenius cervicis

38
Q

What muscles make up the intermediate layer of the Intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

Erector Spinae Group:
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

I Love Spaghetti!

39
Q

What muscles make up the deep layer of the Intrinsic back muscles?

A

Transversospinalis Group:
Multifidus
Rotatores Longus
Rotatores Brevis
Semispinales

and

Interspinales Intertransversarii

40
Q

What is the innervation of the Extrinsic mm. superficial layer?

A

ventral rami of spinal nn.

*Except Trapezius - CN XI

41
Q

What is the innervation of the Extrinsic mm, intermediate layer?

A

Intercostal nn.

42
Q

What is the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

43
Q

What is the segmental innveration of Serratus posterior superior?

A

T1-4

44
Q

Segmental innervation of serratus posterior inferior

A

T9-12

45
Q

P, D, A, I Serratus posterior superior

A

P: spinous processes of C7-T3
D: Inferior borders of ribs 2-5
A: proprioception of thoracic wall
I: intercostal nn. (T1-4)

46
Q

P, D, A, I Serratus posterior inferior

A

P: spinous processes of T11-L2
D: inferior borders of ribs 9-12
A: proprioception of thoracic wall
I: intercostal nn. (T9-12)

47
Q

Iliocostalis attachments

A

Thoracolumbar fascia to costal angles

48
Q

Longissimus attachments

A

ribs & transverse processes

49
Q

Spinalis attachments

A

spinous processes

49
Q

Semispinalis (transversospinales) Attachments

A

P: transverse processes
D: distant superior spinous processes

50
Q

Multifidis (transversospinales) Attachments

A

P: sacrum, posterior SI lig, posterior iliac spine, transverse processes
D: superior spinous processes

51
Q

Rotatores longus and brevis (transversospinales) Attachments

A

P: Transverse processes
D: Spinous process of vertebra above

52
Q

Interspinales Attachments

A

between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

53
Q

Intertransversarii Attachments

A

between transverse processes of adjacent veretebrae

DPTR 5001 - Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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