Cranial Nerves Flashcards
CN-I
Olfactory
CN-2
Optic
CN-III
Oculomotor
CN-IV
Trochlear
CN-V(1)
Trigeminal
Ophthalmic
CN-V(2)
Trigeminal
Maxillary
CN-V(3)
Trigeminal
Mandibular
CN-VI
Abducens
CN-VII
Facial
CN-VIII
Vestibulocochlear
CN-IX
Glossopharyngeal
CN-X
Vagus
CN-XI
Accessory
CN-XII
Hypogossal
CN’s out of Cerebrum
Olfactory
Optic
CN’s out of Midbrain
Oculomotor
Trochlear
CN’s out of Pons
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
CN’s out of Medulla
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Hypoglossal
CN’s out of Spinal Cord
Accessory
CN’s with all three functions
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
CN’s with two functions
Oculomotor (III) M & P
Trigeminal (V) S & BM
CN’s with Only Sensory Function
Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
CN’s with only Motor Function
Trochlear (IV)
Abducens (VI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
Accessory (XI)
CN-I: CNS Contribution
Cerebrum
CN-I: Axon Function
Sensory - Smell
CN-I: Nuclei
Primary above Cribiform
Secondary in Olfactory Bulb
CN-I: Skull Exit
Cribiform Foramina (of Ethmoid Bone)
CN-I: Target Structures
Mucosa of Nasal Cavity
CN-II: CNS Contribution
Cerebrum
CN-II: Axon Function
Sensory - Vision
CN-II: Skull Exit
Optic Canal
CN-II: Target Structures
Retina
CN-II: Deficit when lesion at optic canal
R/L Monocular Blindness
CN-II: Deficit when lesion at Optic Chiasm
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
CN-II: Deficit when lesion at Optic Tract
R/L homonymous hemiopsia
(Contralateral field of vision affected to lesion)
CN-III: CNS Contribution
Mid Brain
CN-III: Axon Function
Motor (Voluntary)
Parasympathetic (Involuntary)
CN-III: Nuclei
Motor: Oculomotor Nucleus
Parasympathetic: Accessory occulomotor
CN-III: Skull Exit
Superior Orbital Fissure
CN-III: Target Structures - Motor
Superior Ramus: Levator Palpebrae Superioris, Superior Rectus
Inferior Ramus: Medial Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique
CN-III: Target Structures - Parasympathetic
Ciliary Body
Constrictors of Iris
CN-III: Ganglia
Ciliary Ganglion (parasympathetic) via CN-V(1)’s short ciliary br.
CN-IV: CNS Contribution
Posterior Contralateral Mid Brain
CN-IV: Axon Function
Motor
CN-IV: Nuclei
Trochlear Nucleus
CN-IV: Skull Exit
Superior Orbital Fissure
CN-IV: Target Structure
Superior Oblique
CN-V(1): CNS Contribution
Pons
CN-V(1): Axon Function
Sensory
CN-V(1): Nuclei
Originates in Trigeminal Ganglion
CN-V(1): Skull Exit
Superior Orbital Fissure
CN-V(1): Target Structures - Nasociliary
-Skin over Nose (ant. ethm.) & Bridge of Nose (infra troch)
-Frontal (ant. ethm.), Sphenoid (post. ethm.) & Ethmoid (both ethmoids) Sinus
-Superior Nasal Cavity (both ethmoids)
-Eye (short & long ciliary)
CN-V(1): Target Structures - Frontal
Skin over medial aspect of forehead (supratrochlear) & forehead (supraorbital)
CN-V(1): Target Structure - Lacrimal
Lacrimal Gland
Skin overlying lateral aspect of upper eye lid
CN-V(1): Traveling Ganglia
Ciliary Ganglion is on Short Ciliary N to get to CN-III
CN-V(2): CNS Contribution
Pons
CN-V(2): Axon Function
Sensory
CN-V(2): Nuclei
Origination from Trigeminal Gaglion
CN-V(2): Exits Skull
Foramen Rotundum
CN-V(2): Ganglion
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
Pre-Ganglion from CN-VII
CN-V(2): Target Structures (Post-Ganglionic Parasympathetic & Sensory)
-Lacrimal Gland (Communicating Branch)
-Pharyngeal
-Lesser Palatine
-Greater Palatine
-Post. Sup. Lat. Nasal
-Post. Sup. Med. Nasal
-Nasopalatine
CN-V(2): Target Structures (Sensory Only)
-Post. Superior Alveolar: Upper Molars, Maxillary Sinuses
-Infraorbital: Mucosa & Skin of Upper Lip, Lateral Nose, Lower Eyelid
-Zygomatic: Skin overlying Zygomatic Arch
CN-V(3): CNS Contribution
Pons
CN-V(3): Axon Functions
Branchial Motor (1st Arch)
Sensory
CN-V(3): Nuclei
Motor = Trigeminal Motor Nucleus in Pons
Sensory = Originates in Trigeminal Ganglion
CN-V(3): Skull Exit
Foramen Ovale
CN-V(3): Ganglion
1) Otic Ganglia on Auriculotemporal n., pre- CN-IX
2) Submandibular Ganglion on lingual n., pre- CN-VII
CN-V(3): Target Structures (Ganglion)
1) Otic = Parotid Gland
2) Submandibular = Anterior 2/3 of Tongue
CN-V(3): Target Structures (Motor & Sensory)
- Muscles of Mastication (Temporalis, Masseter, Lat. Pterygoid, Med. Pterygoid)
- Nerve to Mylohyoid (Mylohyoid & Ant. Digastric)
CN-V(3): Target Structures (Sensory Only)
-Meningeal = Cranial Dura Matter
-Buccal = Buccal Skin & Oral Mucosa
-Lingual = Ant. 2/3 of Tongue
-Inf. Aveolar/Mental = Lower Teeth, Inf. Buccal Gingiva, Skin over Chin & Lower Lip
-Auriculotemporal = TMJ, Ext. Auditory Meatus, Skin to Ant. Ear
CN-VI: CNS Contribution
Pons
CN-VI: Axon Function
Motor
CN-VI: Nuclei
Abducens Nuclei
CN-VI: Skull Exit
Superior Orbital Fissure
CN-VI: Target Structure
Lateral Rectus Muscle
CN-VII: CNS Contribution
Pons
CN-VII: Axon Functions
Sensory
Special Sensory - Taste
Parasympathetic
Branchial Motor (2nd Arch)
CN-VII: Nuclei
Sensory & Special Sensory = Geniculate Ganglion
Parasympathetic = Superior Salvitory Nucleus in Pons
Branchial Motor = Facial Motor Nucleus in Pons
CN-VII: Skull Exit
Internal Auditory Meatus
CN-VII: Target Structures (Motor)
Stampedius
Posterior Digastric
Stylohyoid
Temporalis
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Clavicular
CN-VII: Target Structure (Sensory)
Skin of Ear
CN-VII: Target Structure (Sensory - Taste)
-Anterior 2/3 of tongue
-Palate
CN-VII: Target Structure (Parasympathetic)
Submandibular Gland
Sublingual Gland
Lacrimal Gland
- Mucosa of Nasal Cavity
- Paranasal Sinuses
- Nasopharynx
- Roof of the Oral Cavity
CN-VII: Ganglion
Pterygopalentine Ganglion - Hitching a ride on CN-V2
Submandibular Ganglion - Hitching a ride on Lingual br CN-V3
CN-IX: CNS Contribution
Medulla
CN-IX: Axons
Branchial Motor (3rd Arch)
Parasympathetic
Sensory - Touch/Proprioception
Special Sensory - Taste
Sensory - Visceral
CN-IX: Nuclei
Branchial Motor: Nuclei Ambiguus
Parasympathetic: Inferior Salvitory Nucleus
Sensory: Originate in Superior/Inferior Ganglions
CN-IX: Skull Exit
Jugular Foramen
CN-IX: Target Structures (Motor)
Sylopharyngeal Muscle
CN-IX: Target Structures (Parasympathetic)
Otic Ganglion (Parotid Gland)
CN-IX: Target Structures (Sensory - Taste)
Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
CN-IX: Target Structures (Sensory - Visceral)
Carotid Body
Carotid Sinus
CN-IX: Target Structures (Sensory)
Stylopharyngeal Muscle
Mucosa of Upper Pharynx (gag reflex)
Tonsillar Mucosa
Mucosa of Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
Middle Ear
CN-IX: Ganglion
Otic Ganglion - Hitches a ride on CN-V3 (auriculotemporal n.) and acts on Parotid Gland “Spit”
CN-X: CNS
Medulla
CN-X: Axons
Branchial Motor (4th & 6th Arch)
Parasympathetic
Sensory - Touch/Proprioception
Special Sensory - Taste
Sensory - Visceral
CN-X: Nuclei
Brancial Motor: Nucleus Ambiguus
Parasympathetic: Dorsal Motor Nucleus
Sensory: Originate in Superior and Inferior Ganglion
CN-X: Skull Exit
Jugular Foramen
CN-X: Bundles of Axons (4 + 2)
Pharyngeal
Superior Laryngeal (Int & Ext)
Recurrent Laryngeal
Vegal Trunk
Thoracic Cardiac
Aruicular
CN-X: Target Structures (Pharyngeal)
Motor & Sensory: Muscles of Pharynx & Palate
Parasympathetic: Palate & Pharynx Mucosa
CN-X: Target Structures (Int. Laryngeal)
Sensory: Mucosa of Oral & Laryngeal Pharynx, & Larynx
Sensory & Taste: Epiglottis
Parasympathetic: Vocal Cords & Epiglottis Mucus
CN-X: Target Structures (External Laryngeal)
Proprioception & Motor: Cricothyroid & Inferior Constrictor Muscles
CN-X: Target Structures (Recurrent Laryngeal)
Motor & Proprioception: Muscles of Larynx
Proprioception: Mucosas of Trachea & Larynx
Parasympathetic: Vocal Cord & Trachea Mucosa
CN-X: Target Structures (Vagal Trunk)
Visceral Sensory & Parasympathetic: Thorax and Abdomen
CN-X: Target Structures (Single Sensory Axons)
Aortic Arch
Skin to External Auditory Meatus & Ear
CN-XI: CNS Contributor
Spinal Cord (C1-C5)
CN-XI: Axons
Motor
CN-XI: Skull Exits
Jugular Foramen
(First Enters through Foramen Magnum)
CN-XI: Target Structures
SCM
Trapezius
CN-XII: CNS Contributor
Medulla
CN-XII: Axons
Motor
CN-XII: Nuclei
Hypoglossal Nucleus
CN-XII: Skull Exit
Hypoglossal Canal
CN-XII: Target Structures
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: Genioglossus, Hypoglossal, Syloglossus
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Sympathetic Innervation: Exit Skull
CN-
-Facial (VII)
-Glossopharyngeal (XI)
-Vagus (X)
-Accessory (XI)
-Hypoglossal (XII)
Sympathetic Innervation: Calvernous Sinus (Via Internal Carotid)
CN-
-Oculomotor (III)
-Trochlear (IV)
-Abducens (VI)
-Trigeminal (V1 & V2)
Sympathetic Innervation: Internal Carotid n., via Internal Carotid Artery (not Calvernous Sinus)
Deep Petrosal n (CN-V2 branch)
Middle Ear (Tympanic Plexus)
Sympathetic Innervation: External Carotid Artery
Communicating With CN-
-V2 (Trigeminal, Maxillary)
-V3 (Trigeminal, Mandibular)
-VII (Facial)
-IX (Glossopharyngeal)
-X (Vagus)
-XII (Hypoglossal)
What are the three nerve bundles in CN-VII (Facial)?
Main Root: Posterior Auricular & Motor Axon
Chordate Tympani: Sensory Taste to Tongue & Pre-Ganglionic Submandibular Axon
Greater Petrosal: Sensory Taste to Palate & Pre-Ganglionic Pterygopalentine