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Biology > summary of unit 2 > Flashcards

summary of unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic

A

non loving

- eg temperature,rocks

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2
Q

Biotic

A

living

eg. plants, animals , fungi

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3
Q

Habitat

A

animals address

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4
Q

Microhabitat

A

particular area within a habitat

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5
Q

Niche

A

way of life of a species

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6
Q

wind speed

A

anemometer

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7
Q

humidity of air

A

hygrometer

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8
Q

air pressue

A

barometer

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9
Q

light intensity

A

light meter

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10
Q

soil water content

A

moisture meter

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11
Q

water salinity

A

conductivity meter

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12
Q

Transpiration

A

loss of water vapour by evaporation from moist surfaces inside the plant

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13
Q

Reduced density of stomata on leaf surfaces

A

fewer stomata per unit area of leaf surface which means water loss by transpiration is reduced

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14
Q

Restriction of opening of the stomata to night time when the temperature is lower

A

lower temperature means less transpiration

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15
Q

stomata in pits below the leaf surface rather than at the surface

A

sunken stomata creates a region of higher humidity which slows water loss

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16
Q

thick waxy cuticle on the leaf surface

A

waterproofs the leaf urface so that water is only loss via the stomata

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17
Q

hairs on the leaf surface

A

slows the airflow over the leaf surface and reduces the loss of water vapour

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18
Q

small leaves

A

reduces the area which water vapour can be lost

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19
Q

infolding of the leaves

A

slows the airflow over the leaf surface and creates a region of higher humidity within the leaf

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20
Q

Xerophyte

A

plant that is able to survive in an environment with little water

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21
Q

Hydrophyte

A

plants that are able to survive in aquatic environments

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22
Q

Affector Neurons / Sensory

A
  • detects change

sensory –> CNS

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23
Q

Motor / Effector Neurons

A

CNS –> muscle cells or glands

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24
Q

Connecting/ interneurons

A

connects to sensory to motor neurons

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25
Q

CNS

A

brain , spinal cord

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26
Q

PNS

A

rest of the body except brain and spinal cord

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27
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

chemical which carries an impulse across the gap

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28
Q

Stimulus

A

change in the internal or external environment

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29
Q

Receptor

A

responsible for detecting changes

30
Q

Response

A

muscle or gland capable of producing a response to the stimulus

31
Q

Response

A

change in a cell, tissue or organism because of a stimulus

32
Q

Osmoreregulation

A

control of the levels of water and mineral salts in the blood

33
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

Conserve body water by reducing the loss of water in the urine

34
Q

Insulin

A

reduces glucose from the blood

35
Q

Glucagon

A

increases blood glucose levels

36
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

detects chemicals

37
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

detects movement and pressure

38
Q

Photoreceptors

A

detect light

39
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

detects temperature

40
Q

Pain receptors

A

detects pain

41
Q

Rods?

A
  • detect light of low intensity
  • cannot distinguish colour
  • outer regions
42
Q

Cones?

A
  • Funcation in high light intensity
  • detect colour
  • central region
43
Q

Tropism

A

-growth responses
+ tropism = growth towards stimulus
- tropism = growth away from the stimulus

44
Q

Phototropism

A

plants move in response to the light

45
Q

Geotropism

A

Plants move in response to gravity

46
Q

Thigmotropism

A

response of plant to touch

47
Q

Auxins

A

Controls stretching of a plant

48
Q

Cytokinins

A

responsible for cell division and growth in cell size

49
Q

Ethylene

A

gas that promotes ripening of fruit

50
Q

Abscisic acid

A

responsible for dormancy

51
Q

Photochrome

A

pigment in plant leaves that react to photoperiod

52
Q

Short Day plants

A

uninterrupted long period of darkness

53
Q

Vernalisation

A

plants that cannot flower unless it has been expressed to a period of cold

54
Q

R selection

A

quick and many

55
Q

K selection

A

slower and fewer

56
Q

Oviparity

A

egg laying

57
Q

Viviparity

A

embryo develops within mothers body

58
Q

Habituation

A

ability to ignore frequent , harmless stimulus

59
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

respond to a particular stimuli

60
Q

Operant conditioning

A

repeated practise using punish or reward

61
Q

Reasoning/Insight

A

apply solution using past experiences

62
Q

Competitive

A

struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited sources

63
Q

Predator Prey

A

One species (the prey) kills and eats another thing (prey)

64
Q

Parasitoid

A

wasp or female fly inside a host then it eats the host

65
Q

Mutualism

A

to organisms living together to benefit both

66
Q

Commensalism

A

2 organisms share same habitat but only 1 beneits

67
Q

Thermoregulation

A

process of regulating body temperature

68
Q

Hyperthermia

A

body temp above set point

69
Q

hypothermia

A

body temp below set point

70
Q

Endotherms

A

generate heat vid metabolic activity

71
Q

Ectotherms

A

heat via surrounding s

72
Q

Hetrotherms

A

heat via muscle movement

Biology (21 decks)

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