Biological Molecules

Question 1

What do living things contain?

Answer 1

• organic ( contain carbon)

- inorganic compounds

Question 2

What is Biological/Biomolecule?

Answer 2

an organic molecule produced by a living organism

Question 3

Metabolism?

Answer 3

all chemical reactions that occur in a organism

Question 4

Catabolism?

Answer 4

breakdown of compounds to release energy and other compounds or atoms

Question 5

Anabolism?

Answer 5

combination of new compound from simpler ones

Question 6

Chemical energy?

Answer 6

energy containing bonds that can be broken apart in cells to release energy and some is lost in heat

Question 7

4 types of organic molecules?

Answer 7

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• nucleic acids

Question 8

Sugars?

Answer 8

• most abundant molecule
• basic unit of a sugar is MONOSACCHARIDES
• formula is C6H12C6

Question 9

Monosaccarides?

Answer 9

• simplest sugars

- used for fuel and building material

Question 10

Disaccharides?

Answer 10

when 2 sugars are joined

Question 11

Polysaccharides?

Answer 11

when many sugars are joined

Question 12

where is the original source of glucose molecules?

Answer 12

photosynthesis from co2 and h20

Question 13

What forms when glucose joins together?

Answer 13

cellulose, starch and glycogen

Question 14

Cellulose?

Answer 14

polysaccharide used for structural support

found in plants to make cell walls

Question 15

Dietary Fibre

Answer 15

• important of the function of the large intestine

- no nutrients can be digested as it is made from cellulose

Question 16

Starch?

Answer 16

• it broken down when glucose is needed for respiration

Question 17

Glycogen?

Answer 17

broken down when the concentration of glucose drops

Question 18

Lipids or Fats

Answer 18

• consists of 3 long fatty acid chains attached to 1 glycerol molecule
• energy storing molecules

Question 19

Why is fat important?

Answer 19

• carrier for fat soluble vitamins A,D,E, through bloodstream
• for growth
• insulation
• flavour

Question 20

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 20

amino acids

Question 21

how many different amino acids are there?

Answer 21

20

Question 22

what happens when 20 of the amino acids are not included?

Answer 22

there will be a protein deficiency disease

Question 23

Fibrous protein?

Answer 23

• insoluble

- makes structural tissue in body

Question 24

Globular proteins

Answer 24

• forms amino acids that have metabolic functions

Question 25

cell mortility

Answer 25

• when proteins link together to form filaments which make movement possible

Question 26

Primary structure?

Answer 26

composed of amino acids bonding to each other

Question 27

Secondary structure?

Answer 27

alpha helix ( tight coil)
beta sheet (pleated)
random coils

Question 28

Tertiary structure?

Answer 28

• polypeptide is a 3d , twisted and coiled structure

Question 29

Quaternary structure?

Answer 29

2 or more polypeptide chains interact to form a protein

Question 30

Nucleic Acids

Answer 30

• deoxyribonucleic acid

- ribonucleic acid

Question 31

a,t,c,g

Answer 31

• adenine
• thymine
• cytosine
• guanine

Question 32

inorganic compounds

Answer 32

• water
• carbon dioxide
• nitrogen
• oxygen

Question 33

Why is carbon dioxide classified as inorganic?

Answer 33

as it is not a complete molecule or contain h20

Question 34

polar molecule in water?

Answer 34

has charged ends, that will stick together due to weak hydrogen bonds

Question 35

adhesive force

Answer 35

• water will rise in a small tube as it can stick easier

Question 36

High heat capacity

Answer 36

when water freezes it expands and becomes less dense which causes it to float