classification 2.0 Flashcards
Taxonomy
Science of classifying organisms
Binomial Nomenclature
Two- word system that is used to name organisms
Classification
Placing organisms into groups based on shared qualities
Why do we identify organisms?
- distinguish harmless from harmful
- recognise banned animals/products
- identify infectious bacteria/fungi so treatment can be made
- recognise endangered plants/animals
- identify plant/animal used in legal matters
Identification can be based on?
- whole specimen
- part of specimen
- microscopic fragments
- genetic material
- indirect evidence
Dichotomous key
When each decision involves choosing between just two alternatives
Living things have _______ in common
- collect or make energy for use
- respond to stimuli
- grows as it get older
- reproduces
- passes on genetic info
- produces wastes
- made from CELLS!
What do taxonomists look at?
- Homologous structures
- Analogous structure
- Chemical tests
- Life studies
- Embryology
Homologous Structures?
structures that have similar structure but may look different in other organisms
Analogous Structure?
structures in different organisms that have looked similar, have similar functions
Chemical tests?
analyse blood to find similarities or differences
Life studies?
studying stages in the life of an organism
Embryology?
study of embryo development
The three domains?
- Eubacteria
- Archaea
- Eukaryotes
facts about Eubacteria
- prokaryotes
- some are photosynthetic and chemosynthetic
- cell walls are made of peptidoglycan
facts about archaea
- thrive in extreme environments such as salt lakes ( halophiles )
Facts about Eukaryotes
cells that have membrane bound organelles and nucleus
classified into 4 kingdom
- plants
- fungi
- protists
- animals
classification from largest to smallest?
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Species
the ability to breed with other organisms of that same species to produce fertile offspring
What is the Binomial system?
naming of organisms
What are the two parts of a scientific name?
1 - Genus of the animal ( capital letter )
2 - species of the organism ( small letter )
Advantages of scientific names?
- they are universal
- indication of relatedness of different organisms
- common names may be misleading
What are hybrids not?
a species
What are viruses made of?
a protein coat
Can viruses reproduce themselves?
no, they use genetic machinery of a host cell
