Cell Replication Flashcards
As cells get older
- they grow in size
- Until it becomes more and more difficult for nutrients to get into the cell fast enough,
- and for the waste to leave fast enough.
- So the cell will either stop growing or divide into two smaller cells
Organisms reproduce either with
- Asexual Reproduction
* Sexual Reproduction
What is Asexual reproduction?
- Is a method of producing offspring that does NOT involve the fusion of different gametes (eggs or sperm)
- Instead it is a process called mitosis
- Where exactly everything inside the cell is copied exactly
- Then divided into two daughter cells
Why does MITOSIS Occur?
• Reproduction Single celled organisms, such as bacteria, divide to make new independent organisms. • Growth • Repair
6 stages of mitosis?
I nterphase P rophase M etaphase A naphase T elephase C ytokinesis
what is the cells life cycle?
- Cell reproduces
- Lives
- Dies – cell suicide or APOPTOSIS (cells have a certain life span – then they die. If they don’t die cancer)
What is apoptosis?
• Its function is to counter cell production and maintain an appropriate number of cells in the tissues.
What happens in apoptosis?
- Instructions come telling the cell’s lysosomes (enzyme containing organelles) to make chemicals to kill itself.
- The lysosome then empties its contents into the cell causing the cellular components to be broken down.
What do the enzymes do in cell replication?
- The enzymes slice up the DNA into tiny fragments.
* The enzymes make the cell change shape. It gradually shrinks and splits and repackages itself into smaller fragments.
what is necrosis?
- This is cell death by accident or poisoning, overheating or when starved of oxygen.
- The cell swells and the membrane splits, which makes it messy
What is the importance of cell death?
- Development changes in growing embryos
- Ridding tissues of old, infected or damaged cells
- Removing immune cells which attack “self” cells
- Removing cells which have sustained DNA damaged.
- However, too much apoptosis can have serious consequences
what does the cell cycle represent?
the time for a newly formed cell to mature and then give rise to two new cells through the process known as mitosis
What are the 3 events that the cell cycle consists of?
- Gap 1 (life)
- Synthesis (diving the chromosomes)
- Gap 2 (mitosis phases)
what happens in cytokinesis?
, the cytoplasm of the cell is divided to produce two daughter cells
what are the 2 types of cells in the body?
- Somatic cells
2. Gametes or sex cells – sperm and egg.
