immunity sac rev Flashcards
What happens at the lymphatic system?
- where specific immune responses occur
- where wbc are
- remove fluid + derbis
- returns excess fluid to circulatory system
What happens when there are non-self antigens?
foreign material have their own self antigens, which will be recognized as foreign by the receptors on the surface of immune cells
What is the first line of defense and what is involved?
prevention of entry of the pathogen
- intact skin
- mucus and cilia
- enzymes in tears
function of phagocytes
recognize,engulf and destroy foreign antigens using digestive enzymes
types of phagocytes and where they are
neutrophils - blood
macropharges - tissue
dendritic cells - tissue
What cells are involved in inflammation and where are they?
mast cells - tissue
basophils - blood
Function of natural killer cells and where they’re found
(IN BLOOD) to destroy
-virally infected cells
cancer cells
poorly matched transplant tissue
function of T cytotoxic cells and where they’re found
(lymph nodes) produces chemical that causes death in foreign infected and memory t cells
function of T helper cells?
secretes interleukin to
- stimulate B and T cells to divide
- action of macrophages and neutrophils
function of B cells
activated plasma cells make antibodies
memory B provide immunity
function of plasma cells
produces specific antibodies that can join to the Ag of the pathogen, so that phagocyte can detect and destroy
function of memory cells
provides immunity as it keeps memory of older lymphocyte that was generated where there was an immune response for a specific a.g
advantages of memory cells?
- quicker
- last longer
- provides more AB
What is histamine and what is it produced by?
- basophils and mast cells
dilation of blood vessels and capillaries become more permeable there phagocytes can get to the infected area
What are cytokines and what is it produced by?
-Th cells and macropharges
cell signalling molecules that aid in cell communication in immune responses
function of complement?
- to coat bacteria
- lyse membrane of pathogens
- increase phagocytes of a pathogen
What is interferon and what is it produced by?
- produced by virally infected cell
to stimulate - nearby uninfected cells to produce antiviral ptorteins
- NK cells
What happens in Cell Mediated?
- Cell infected by virus, is recognized by antigens as non self
- the macrophage acts as a antigen presenting cell and presents to Th cell
- Th release cytokines + activate specific T cytotoxic cells
- Tc releases cytotoxic granules which lyse the membrane of infected cell
What happens in humoral immune response?
- macrophages that have engulfed the bacteria, act as an antigen presenting cell an d migrate to the lymph nodes
- Macropharge present Ag to Th
- Th release cytokines and stimulate specific B cells
- B cells are clonally selected + differentiate into antibody produce B cells and memory B cells
What is clonal selection?
when B cells are stimulated by contact with a specific antigen which clones into - plasma and memory cells
What are antibodies?
protein produced by specific plasma cell, to bind to antigens and inactivate them
Examples of passive immunity
artificial - injection of antibodies
natural - breast milk
Examples of active immunity
artificial - vaccination
natural- catching the disease
What is a vaccination?
weakened version of the disease that still has antigen that can be recognize as foreign which produce antigen specific antibodies
