substance abuse- exam 3 Flashcards
What is a substance use disorder
- there is a pattern of use/unable to quit
- Causes the individual problems.
- Physiological changes
What is the DSM 5 criteria for substance use disorders (including the ones for pattern of use/impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria)
Pattern of use develops because of impaired control, as evidenced by:
- Taken in larger amounts and or over longer. than intended.
- Tries unsuccessfully to quit
- Increased time acquiring using or recovering from substance.
- Intense craving for the substance
Causes the individual problems significant social impairment or distress:
- use disrupts commitments at work, school or home.
- Social, occupational, recreational, activities given up
- Social and interpersonal problems, including verbal or physical fights
Causes the individual problems involves risky or hazardous use:
- Use in situations which are physically dangerous. For example, DWI
- Legal problems, including substance related arrests
- Worsening physical or psychological problems.
- Failure to abstain despite these difficulties.
Evidence of the body’s physiology has changed:
- Tolerance and withdrawal
What is withdrawal
Symptoms, including negative physiological and psychological reactions occur in absence of the substance; and/or the substance is taken to avoid symptoms
What are delirium tremens?
Caused by sudden drop in blood alcohol content in a chronic alcohol drinker, and includes hand trimmer, hallucinations, increased sweating and seizures
What are the different types of tolerance? And how do they work
Increased liver enzymes (inducible)
receptor down regulation or inactivation
learned or homeostatic tolerance
What are depressants
Slows down functioning
effects GABA (brains brake)
Inhibits
Keeps neurons from sending signals
What neurotransmitter system do depressants act on?
Slows the functions of the central nervous system, slow body functions- GABA
What are the overdose of symptoms for barbiturates, benzos, and alcohol
What is the CNS action of depressants
Slows the central nervous system by inhibiting the neurons and keeping them from firing.
What are the initial behavioral side effects of alcohol
It is stimulating reduces, reduces tension stress; relaxes inhibitions
What are the later effects with larger doses of alcohol
loss of motor coordination, sedation, and sleep.
What kind of drug is alcohol? And how does it work in the CNS
Alcohol is a depressant and it and it inhibits the neurons from firing. It slows the central nervous system
How does the body get rid of alcohol/primarily by the action of which organ
Alcohol is absorbed directly into the blood and metabolized by the liver, using inducible enzymes
define binge
5 drinks in a row for men, 4 drinks in a row for women.
A drink is 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1 1/2 ounces of hard liquor.
Define polydrug use
What is FASD
Fetal alcohol syndrome disorder
What is cirrhosis
What is AA, who runs AA, and what are the 12 steps
What happens to the GABA receptor when depressants are used
What are synergistic effects and cross tolerance?
Which neurotransmitter systems do stimulants work on
What are stimulants
What are the specific mechanisms of action for cocaine and amphetamine
What are the signs and symptoms of a potential overdose on stimulants?
What are the medical uses of stimulants
What are several things amphetamines can be used for
What are opiates and narcotics medically used for
What are some examples of opiates and narcotics
What neurotransmitter system does opiates and narcotics work on
What are signs and symptoms of an overdose on opiates/narcotics
What are signs of withdrawal from opiates/narcotics
What is methadone and what is narcan? And what are they used for
What are hallucinogens
What is the name of the plant marijuana comes from
What is the active ingredient in marijuana? And what receptor does it bind to
What are the therapeutic/medical effects of marijuana
What are effects marijuana can have on sleep? And hormones secretion
What is hassish and marinol
What are benefits and problems of smoking as the route of administration for hallucinogens
What are entourage compounds
What is CBD?
What is retrograde synaptic transmission
What is PCP and what are the signs and symptoms of someone on it?
What is MDMA
What are substance-induced disorders
What are treatments for substance abuse
What is reward craving
What is relief craving
What is detox and how does it work?
What is disulfuram
What is naltrexone
What other addiction is included in this group in the DSM 5?
What are the two theoretical areas of dysfunction in the brain, causing the inability to control use?
What is a Blum’s Reward Deficiency syndrome
What does blums reward deficiency syndrome have to do with the nucleus/accumbens and pleasure center, MFB, brain stem/VTA, D2 receptors
Who was James Olds, Kenneth Blum?
What is EBS
What normally triggers the reward system
Which neurotransmitter is released in the nucleus accumbens when we experience reward? How do humans describe this?
What puts an individual at risk for substance abuse disorders
