Depressive and Bipolar disorders- exam 2 Flashcards
what is unipolar depression
Major depressive disorder
- at least 2 weeks of depressed mood or loss of interest, withdrawl from family and friends
- changes in weight, appetite, or sleep
- difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making descisions
- recurrent thoughts of suicide or death
- discouraged, sad, hopeless
- lack of energy, loss of interest
- causes major distress or impairment
- recurrent (2 or more episodes)
- no mania
what are the 4 ‘building blocks’ of mood disorders
- major depressive episode
- manic episode
- hypomanic episode
- mixed episode
what are the signs/symptoms/DSM-5 criteria for a major depressive episode/disorder
5 or more of the following symtpoms present for the same 2 week period and are different from regular functioning; at least one symtpom is either depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure
1. depressed mood most of the day almost every day
2. markedly diminished interest of pleasure in all, or almost all, activiteis most of the day nearly every day
3. significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain, decrease or increase in appetite
4. insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
5. pyschomotor agitation nearly everyday
6. fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
7. feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
8. diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisive
9. recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or specific plan
What does MDD and MDE stand for
MDD- major depressive disorder
MDE- major depressive episode
What are the ‘specifiers’ of MDE
- anxious distress
- mixed features
- melancholic features
- psuchotic features
- catatonic features
- atypical features
- seasonal pattern
- peripartum onset
What is SAD, what is a ‘special’ treatment for it, and what factors contritbute (besides time of year)
Seasonal Affective Disorder
can be treated with light therapy
what is peripartum depression
onset of major depressive episode during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following delivery
what is persistent depressive disorder/dysthymic disorder
- chronic lesser version of depression. At least 2 years of generalized depressed mood and other symptoms but not as sever as depression
- around 10% will go on to a major depressiv episode
what is the percentage of females v. males with depression
higher rates in adult females than males
- females: 8.7%
- males: 5.3%
what is linked to depression in females
multifacatorial
females tend to experience more external risk factors such as hisotry of family conflict and abuse, depression prior to and during puberty
what is the most common age range of adults with depression
most common in ages 18-25 (around 13% of young adults meet the criteria)
lowest in age goups over 65 but rise among people over 85
people with depression experience episodes that last ____ weeks in a mild episode of ____ weeks when symptoms are severe. People diagnosed with depression lose ____ days of work per year due to their symptoms
14-17 weeks per mild episode or 23 weeks when sevee and lose 27 days of work
what is bipolar disorder
depressive symtpoms alternate with mania
what are the signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder
Manic episode:
- abnormal and persistently elevated mood for at least one week
- causes major distress or imparment PLUS 3 of the following: inflated self esteem or generosity, decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, flights of ideas, distractability or increased involvment in goal related activities, excessive pleasurable activities with no concern for consequences.
Major depressive episode
what is a manic episode and what is a hypomanic episode
Manic episode:
- abnormal and persistently elevated mood for at least one week
- causes major distress or imparment PLUS 3 of the following: inflated self esteem or generosity, decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, flights of ideas, distractability or increased involvment in goal related activities, excessive pleasurable activities with no concern for consequences.
Hypomanic episode:
does not meet full criteria for a manic episode
- change in mood and behavior that is less extreme than mania
- at least 4 days of abnormally elevated mood
- not sever enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupation functioning
