Gender Issues & Sexual Disorders- exam 4

Question 1

define transgender/transsexual

Answer 1

transgender:
- feel that they are the opposite sex
Transexual:
- also live in the ‘opposite gender’ in dress and behavior

Question 2

define gender dysphoria and its signs/symptoms

Answer 2

the distress caused by the mismatch between ‘assigned sex’ and the persons ‘subjective experience of their gender’
- strong desire to be the other gender
- a strong dislike of ones sexual anatomy and desire for primary and/or secondy sex characteristics of the other gender
- a strong conviction that one has typical feelings and reactions of the other gender
- causes distress
Can begin in early childhood:
- preference for cross dressing; resistance to wearing ‘gender appropriate’ clothes
- dislike or even denial of ones sexual organs
- opposite sex friendships and playmates
- preference for cross-gender roles in make-believe play
- play typical of opposite sex

Question 3

what is ‘natal’ sex

Answer 3

sex assigned at birth

Question 4

what is gender identity

Answer 4

it is ones basic sense of being a boy or girl, man or women, or other gender, such as trans, nonbinary, or fluid

Question 5

what is gender role

Answer 5

outward behaviors, traits, and attitudes of male or female defined by culture
the public lived role in society

Question 6

what is sexual orientation

Answer 6

the gender of your sexual or romantic attractions and partners

Question 7

what steps are recommended before sex reassignment surgery

Answer 7

• one year of prior hormone therpay and functioning in opposite sex role
• hormone therapy, voice training

Question 8

what does it mean to be gender neutral/ gender fluid/ non-binary

Answer 8

dont identify with either gender; fluid among the spectrum

Question 9

what is the purpose of cross-dressing in gender dysphoria

Answer 9

to ease distress caused by gender dysphoria

Question 10

what is the purpose of cross-dressing in transvestic fetishism

Answer 10

obtain arousal/gratification

Question 11

what are paraphilic disorders and fetishes

Answer 11

paraphilic disorders:
- recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors
- distressing or disabling
- involve inanimate objects, children, or nonconsenting adults
- or suffering or humilation of oneself of the partner with the potential to cause harm
Fetish:
- reliance on inanimate object for sexual arousal
- underpants, feet and shoes, stokcing, fur garments, rubber products, leather products

Question 12

paraphilias are disorderd if what and what

Answer 12

if leads leads to distress, impaired functioning, harm, or risk of harm, to the person or to others

Question 13

what is frotteurism

Answer 13

sexually oriented touching or rubbing another person

Question 14

what is voyeurism

Answer 14

“peeping tom”
- marked preference for obtaining sexual gratification by watching others undress etc
- element of risk is important

Question 15

what is exhibitionism

Answer 15

• marked preference for obtaining sexual gratification by exposing one’s genitals to an unwilling stranger
• a desire to shock or embarrass the observer

Question 16

what is sadism

Answer 16

sexual arousal from giving-inflicting pain or humiliation upon another person

Question 17

what is masochism

Answer 17

sexual arousal from being made to suffer pain or humiliation

Question 18

what is the difference between a pedophile and incest

Answer 18

pedophillia:
- child not related to perpetrator
Incest:
- child related to perpetrator

Question 19

what were some of the reasons given in the video for why people rape

Question 20

what are some of the signs of sexual abuse

Answer 20

• inappropriate sexualized behavior
• regression, clinging, crying, specific fears
• heightened aggression and hostility toward others
• compulsive comlianze with vigilance
• injury to genetialia

Question 21

what is Megan’s law

Answer 21

sex offender notification to residents of a community if a high risk sex offender moves into the area

Question 22

as a result of Megan’s law, what are two ways you might be ‘notified’ of a sex offender living near you?

Answer 22

national sex offender data base and postcard by mail

Question 23

what are the prenatal steps of biological sex determination

Answer 23

• xy is male, genes on y chromosome cause undifferentiated tissue to develop into testicular tissue

Question 24

who determines the genetic sex of the child?

Answer 24

the father

Question 25

what are the prenatal steps in sexual determination of a male

Answer 25

• testicular tissue secretes testosterone
• causes internal male reproductive organs to form (another hormone inhibits femal reproductive organs)
• a second surge of testosterone (converted by 5 alpha reductase to dihydrotestosterone) causes: penis and scrotum to develop externally

Question 26

what is 5-alpha-reductase and what happens at puberty

Answer 26

surge of hormones promote secondary sex characteristics and sexual feelings

Question 27

what is androgen insensitivity syndrome

Answer 27

• genetically male (XY)
• genes on y cause testicular tissue to develop with production testosterone
• lack of cellular androgen receptors
• testosterone fails to masculinize the body
• looks and functions as a female
• complete androgen insensitivity syndrome when the body cannot use androgens at all
• have the exteranl sex characteristics of femals
• do not have a uterus and therefore do not menstruate and are unable to conceive a child
• typically raised as females and have a female gender identity
• have male internal sex organs (testes) that are undescended, which means they are abnormally located in the pelvis or abdomen

Question 28

what is 5-alpha-reductase deficiency

Answer 28

• lacks the 5-alpha reductase required for testosterone
• is required for normal external genitalia to form prenatally (lack penis and scrotum when born)
• looks like a girl
• at puberty external genetalia develops in response to testosterone
• ‘girl’ turns into a boy
• feels okay because brain change has occured

Question 29

what is turner syndrome

Answer 29

XO
- failure to start puberty: underdeveloped breasts, sterile
- short
- treatment includes hormone therapy: growth hormone and estrogen
- variable severity of problems with heart/arota, kidney, and others
(XO) fetuses frequently miscarry

Question 30

what is klienfelter syndrome, super male, and triple X

Answer 30

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY): has extra x chromosome
- male, tall
- develop female characteristics at puberty (breasts)
- nees hormone therapy
- sterile
- normal overall IQ
XXY supermale
- has extra Y chromosome “jacobs syndrome’
- taller (6’ 3” average)
- severe adolescent cystic acne
- normal sexual development
- slightly increased incidence of impuslivity, ADHD, behavior problems
Triple X (XXX)
- extra x chromosome
- taller than average
- fertile and can have children
- slightly low IQ