Eating disorders- exam 3 Flashcards
what does the hypothalamus monitor
It is the control center for eating it monitors: blood sugar, fat, amino acids, and total caloric intake
what is the specific function of the lateral hypothalamus and the ventromedial hypothalamus
lateral hypothalamus: lacking center, tells you to eat
ventromedial hypotahlamus: very much center, tells you to stop eating
what is the specific function of leptin
tells you to leave it (foo) alone. It is secreted by fat cells
what is the specific function of ghrelin
tells you go eat. Secreted by an empty stomach, it is hunger arousing
what is the specific function of orexin
it is secreted by the lateral hypothalamus and it turns on hunger
anorexia nervosa: personality traits of a child
helpful and conscientuous child. Usually high achieving and/or perfectionist
anorexia nervosa: characteristics of family
family concerned with outer appearances, harmony, and avoid conflict
anorexia nervosa: at risk activities
does anorexia occur more often in males or females
usually occurs in females. About a 10:1 ratio in prevelence female to male
what is the bottom line criteria for anorexia
the DSM-5 criteria; significantly low body weight
what are medical problems seen in anorexia
decreased blood pressure and heart rate, anemia, loss of bone mass, dry skin, brittle nails, or hair loss, death results from congestive heart failure, electrolyte imbalance, or suicide.
how is the perception of body image of theose with eating disorders different from those without
They think the ideal body size is smaller than it really is and find the “attractive” body size to be much smaller than it really is based on surveys. They also precieve themselves to be much larger than they actually are
what is the dsm-5 criteria for bulimia
- Recurrent episodes of binge-eating (characterized by eating in a discrete period of time an amount of food that is def larger than most people woild eat during a similiar period of time under similar circumstances. and A sense of lack of control over eating during the epiosde)
- Reccurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or excessive eating
- the binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once per week for 3 months
- self evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
- distubrance does not occur exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervosa
what neurotransmitter is possibly low in anorexia and bulimia
Serotonin levels
what is bulimia comorbid with (disorders and behaviors)
Depression, anxiety (OCD, panic attacks), substance abuse, borderline peresonality disorder
what are some signs, symptoms, and physiological effects of eating disorders
- excessive concern about food, calories, body image
- keeps finger nails cut
- dental problems
- eroded enamel
- excessive exercise
- electrolyte imbalances, cardiac problems
what is the typical age of onset for bulimia and anorexia
usually begins in adolescence
what is the bottom line difference between anorexia and bulimia
people with bulimia tend to maintain normal body weight
what is a common factor anorexia and bulimia share
low self esteem, high anxiety, neurotic, poor interoceptive awareness, inappropriate compensatory behaviors
DSM-5 criteria for binge eating disorder
A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating
B. The binge eating episodes are associated with 3 (or more) of the following:
- eating more rapidly than normal
- eating until feeling uncomfortably full
- eating large amounts of food ehen not feeling physically hungry
- eating alone due to embarassment of how much one is eating
- feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward
C. Marked distress regarding binge eating is present
D. The binge eating occurs at least once a week for three months
E. binge eating is not associated with the recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behavior and doesn’t occur exclusively during the course of bulimia or anorexia
what are the physical consequences of binge eating disorder (other than those associated with being overweight)
bad dental health (eroded enamel)
what is pica
eating one of more non-nutritive, non-food substanace that is severe enough to warrant medical attention.
Lasts at least one month
- developmentally inappropriate and not part of normative sociocultural practices
Typical substances include: paper, soap, string, wood, chalk, paint, charcoal, pebbles, clay, talcom powder, ice
compare and contrast the different eating disorders
what is the abstinence violation effect
violation of a self imposed rule that lease to feelings of loss of control. Leads to overeating (binging after a ‘tansgression’)
what is restrained eating
frequent restriction of specific foods, difficult and challenging to maintain
what other psychological disorder is a risk factor for developing an eating disorder
Depression, anxiety, OCD
what are social, family, peer, and culture factors in developing an eating disorder
Social:
- society sets “ideal” body size; ideal body has greatly shrunk over time
- obesity is associated with extreme negative stereotypes
Gender:
- females are more likely to have both anorexia and bulimia. May be more influences by social factors like objectification
Cultural:
- eating disorders are more common in industrialized societies
what treatments and drugs are used to treat different eating disorders
Psychodynamic therapy:
- family therapy: Maudsley approach. View patient distinct from illness, support parents, lead child in eating properly despite protests, return control, underlying issues dealt with when eating disorder is stabalized
Hospitalization:
- immediate goal is to increase weight and establish a normal eating pattern. Reduce compensatory behaviors and excessive exercise. Relapse after release in 30-50% need to folow with out patient therapy
CBT:
- focus on thoughts, behaviors, and feelings that precent normal eating. Decrease irrational thoughts, develop more adaptive coping strategies, ERP for bulimia associated with breaking the purge response, educate about disorder
Medication:
- after weight normalization SSRIs may prevent relapse
Nutritional counseling:
- improve eating, correct erroneous info about food and weight
what is CBT; what is the therapists parting advice about dealing with eating disorders and bad mood)
Cognitive behavioral therapy. Develop more adaptive coping strategies
what is ERP
exposure and response prevention. Paitence practice exposing themselves to stressful situations that have triggered eating disorder episodes in the past
what is family therapy for eating disorders
Maudsley approach:
- view the patient as distinct from their illness
- supports parents
- have parents figure out how to lead their child to eat properly, despite anxiety and protests
- eventually return control of eating to the child
- eventually focus on other problematic issues as the eating disorder is brought under control
what is hospitalization for eating disorders
- immediate goal is to increase weight and establish a normal eating pattern
- reduce compensatory behaviors and excessive exercise
- Relapse after release in 30-50% of people
- need to follow with out-patient therapy
what is Prader-Willi syndrome
- Genetic disorder
- insatiable appetite
- loving and sweet natured as child
- slow to develop muscle mass and coordination, but high body weight as adolescent
- need for routine, OCD
- temper tantrums and behavior problems
- Chromosome 15: 70% of the maternal copy “turned off”, 25% have 2 copies from mom
- problem with ventromedial hypothalamus- always starving
