Eating disorders- exam 3

Question 1

what does the hypothalamus monitor

Answer 1

It is the control center for eating it monitors: blood sugar, fat, amino acids, and total caloric intake

Question 2

what is the specific function of the lateral hypothalamus and the ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 2

lateral hypothalamus: lacking center, tells you to eat
ventromedial hypotahlamus: very much center, tells you to stop eating

Question 3

what is the specific function of leptin

Answer 3

tells you to leave it (foo) alone. It is secreted by fat cells

Question 4

what is the specific function of ghrelin

Answer 4

tells you go eat. Secreted by an empty stomach, it is hunger arousing

Question 5

what is the specific function of orexin

Answer 5

it is secreted by the lateral hypothalamus and it turns on hunger

Question 6

anorexia nervosa: personality traits of a child

Answer 6

helpful and conscientuous child. Usually high achieving and/or perfectionist

Question 7

anorexia nervosa: characteristics of family

Answer 7

family concerned with outer appearances, harmony, and avoid conflict

Question 8

anorexia nervosa: at risk activities

Question 9

does anorexia occur more often in males or females

Answer 9

usually occurs in females. About a 10:1 ratio in prevelence female to male

Question 10

what is the bottom line criteria for anorexia

Answer 10

the DSM-5 criteria; significantly low body weight

Question 11

what are medical problems seen in anorexia

Answer 11

decreased blood pressure and heart rate, anemia, loss of bone mass, dry skin, brittle nails, or hair loss, death results from congestive heart failure, electrolyte imbalance, or suicide.

Question 12

how is the perception of body image of theose with eating disorders different from those without

Answer 12

They think the ideal body size is smaller than it really is and find the “attractive” body size to be much smaller than it really is based on surveys. They also precieve themselves to be much larger than they actually are

Question 13

what is the dsm-5 criteria for bulimia

Answer 13

• Recurrent episodes of binge-eating (characterized by eating in a discrete period of time an amount of food that is def larger than most people woild eat during a similiar period of time under similar circumstances. and A sense of lack of control over eating during the epiosde)
• Reccurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or excessive eating
• the binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once per week for 3 months
• self evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
• distubrance does not occur exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervosa

Question 14

what neurotransmitter is possibly low in anorexia and bulimia

Answer 14

Serotonin levels

Question 15

what is bulimia comorbid with (disorders and behaviors)

Answer 15

Depression, anxiety (OCD, panic attacks), substance abuse, borderline peresonality disorder

Question 16

what are some signs, symptoms, and physiological effects of eating disorders

Answer 16

• excessive concern about food, calories, body image
• keeps finger nails cut
• dental problems
• eroded enamel
• excessive exercise
• electrolyte imbalances, cardiac problems

Question 17

what is the typical age of onset for bulimia and anorexia

Answer 17

usually begins in adolescence

Question 18

what is the bottom line difference between anorexia and bulimia

Answer 18

people with bulimia tend to maintain normal body weight

Question 19

what is a common factor anorexia and bulimia share

Answer 19

low self esteem, high anxiety, neurotic, poor interoceptive awareness, inappropriate compensatory behaviors

Question 20

DSM-5 criteria for binge eating disorder

Answer 20

A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating
B. The binge eating episodes are associated with 3 (or more) of the following:
- eating more rapidly than normal
- eating until feeling uncomfortably full
- eating large amounts of food ehen not feeling physically hungry
- eating alone due to embarassment of how much one is eating
- feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward
C. Marked distress regarding binge eating is present
D. The binge eating occurs at least once a week for three months
E. binge eating is not associated with the recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behavior and doesn’t occur exclusively during the course of bulimia or anorexia

Question 21

what are the physical consequences of binge eating disorder (other than those associated with being overweight)

Answer 21

bad dental health (eroded enamel)

Question 22

what is pica

Answer 22

eating one of more non-nutritive, non-food substanace that is severe enough to warrant medical attention.
Lasts at least one month
- developmentally inappropriate and not part of normative sociocultural practices
Typical substances include: paper, soap, string, wood, chalk, paint, charcoal, pebbles, clay, talcom powder, ice

Question 23

compare and contrast the different eating disorders

Question 24

what is the abstinence violation effect

Answer 24

violation of a self imposed rule that lease to feelings of loss of control. Leads to overeating (binging after a ‘tansgression’)

Question 25

what is restrained eating

Answer 25

frequent restriction of specific foods, difficult and challenging to maintain

Question 26

what other psychological disorder is a risk factor for developing an eating disorder

Answer 26

Depression, anxiety, OCD

Question 27

what are social, family, peer, and culture factors in developing an eating disorder

Answer 27

Social:
- society sets “ideal” body size; ideal body has greatly shrunk over time
- obesity is associated with extreme negative stereotypes
Gender:
- females are more likely to have both anorexia and bulimia. May be more influences by social factors like objectification
Cultural:
- eating disorders are more common in industrialized societies

Question 28

what treatments and drugs are used to treat different eating disorders

Answer 28

Psychodynamic therapy:
- family therapy: Maudsley approach. View patient distinct from illness, support parents, lead child in eating properly despite protests, return control, underlying issues dealt with when eating disorder is stabalized
Hospitalization:
- immediate goal is to increase weight and establish a normal eating pattern. Reduce compensatory behaviors and excessive exercise. Relapse after release in 30-50% need to folow with out patient therapy
CBT:
- focus on thoughts, behaviors, and feelings that precent normal eating. Decrease irrational thoughts, develop more adaptive coping strategies, ERP for bulimia associated with breaking the purge response, educate about disorder
Medication:
- after weight normalization SSRIs may prevent relapse
Nutritional counseling:
- improve eating, correct erroneous info about food and weight

Question 29

what is CBT; what is the therapists parting advice about dealing with eating disorders and bad mood)

Answer 29

Cognitive behavioral therapy. Develop more adaptive coping strategies

Question 30

what is ERP

Answer 30

exposure and response prevention. Paitence practice exposing themselves to stressful situations that have triggered eating disorder episodes in the past

Question 31

what is family therapy for eating disorders

Answer 31

Maudsley approach:
- view the patient as distinct from their illness
- supports parents
- have parents figure out how to lead their child to eat properly, despite anxiety and protests
- eventually return control of eating to the child
- eventually focus on other problematic issues as the eating disorder is brought under control

Question 32

what is hospitalization for eating disorders

Answer 32

• immediate goal is to increase weight and establish a normal eating pattern
• reduce compensatory behaviors and excessive exercise
• Relapse after release in 30-50% of people
• need to follow with out-patient therapy

Question 33

what is Prader-Willi syndrome

Answer 33

• Genetic disorder
• insatiable appetite
• loving and sweet natured as child
• slow to develop muscle mass and coordination, but high body weight as adolescent
• need for routine, OCD
• temper tantrums and behavior problems
• Chromosome 15: 70% of the maternal copy “turned off”, 25% have 2 copies from mom
• problem with ventromedial hypothalamus- always starving