Neurocognitive disorders- exam 4 Flashcards
what does delirium mean
- acute, short term, rapid onset
- disturbance of consciousness: memory, disorientation, perception, attention & awareness (cant focus, sustain, or shift attention)
- obviously due to a general medical condition or substance induced (medication, drug, or toxin)
does the word ‘acute’ apply to neurocognitive disorders
no, they are long term and chronic
how is delirium different from dementia
dementia is a neurocognitive disorder. people with dementia can have delirium but not everyone with delirium has dementia
what is sundown syndrome
symptoms of dementia/neurocognitive disorder worsen at night
what is ICU psychosis
patients in the ICU who develop delirium as a result of sensory isolation
what is cognitive functioning in normal aging
The normal aging process is associated with declines in certain cognitive abilities, such as processing speed and certain memory, language, visuospatial, and executive function abilities
what is crystalized intelligence vs. fluid intelligence
Fluid intelligence is your ability to process new information, learn, and solve problems. Crystallized intelligence is your stored knowledge, accumulated over the years. The two types work together and are equally important.
how is recall different from recognition
Recognition refers to our ability to “recognize” an event or piece of information as being familiar, while recall designates the retrieval of related details from memory
is recall or recognition more difficult in old age
recall
what happens to processing speed and attention as one ages
A hallmark of cognitive aging is slowed processing speed, or a decrease in the rate at which people perform perceptual, motor, and decision making tasks.
what is dementia; what are the primary signs and symptoms/DSM-5 criteria
multiple cognitive defects including:
- impairment in memory (multiple etiologies)
- function is impaired (interferes with indepence in daily activities)
- concern of a ‘knowledgeable informant’ or the individual of significant decline
- evidence of decline documented by neuropsychological testing or by another clinical professional
- evidence of ‘causative mutation’ from family or genetic testing
what are the multiple etiologies/several causes of nuerocognitive disorders/dementia
- alzheimers
- vascular
- lewy body
- prion disease
- fronto-temporal
- parkinsons
- huntingtons
- HIV
- TBI
- substance/medication induced
what is alzheimers, who first described it, and when
described by German neurologist Alois Alzheiemr in 1906
- progressive loss of brain tissue
- a leading cause of death in those over age 65 in US
what is agnosia
inability to interpret sensations and hence to recognize things
what is apraxia
difficulut preforming skilled movements (like walking)
