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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter One: Abnormal Behavior and History- exam 1 > Flashcards

Chapter One: Abnormal Behavior and History- exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define abnormal psychology

A

also known as psychopathology, it focuses on behaviors that are atypical or unexpected.

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2
Q

Define psychology

A

The study of thought processes behind serious emotional problems

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3
Q

when is behavior considered abnormal

A

4 D’s of abnormality
dysfunction
distress
deviance
dangerousness

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4
Q

Define Culture

A

a system of knowledge, concepts, rules, and practices. It is learned and transmitted across generations; open, dynamic, and changeable; helps you create your own identity and make sense of experience; present day individuals are exposed to multiple cultures
it includes: language, family structure and life cycle stages, customs, moral and legal systems

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5
Q

what is culture bound disorder

A

the culture may specify: the disorder, the presumed cause of the disorder, and treatment
the culture may provide: particular stressors that may precipitate and episode, or supports that provide resilience

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6
Q

what is cultural relativsm

A

the belief that behaviors can only be laeled normal or abnormal relative to the cultural norms
positive: cultural norms paly a big part in determining abnormal v normal, which respects different cultures
negative: dangers arise when norms are used to control or silence individuals or violate basic moral principles

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7
Q

What is Koro

A

episode of sudden and intense anxiety that genitalia will shrink and retract into the body; possibly resulting in death.
Frequent in China and Chinese speaking countries and peoples (Asia)
related to Shen-k’uei of dhat - loss of vital life force connected to loss of semen
frequently comorbid with other disorders (depression, anxiety, somatic symptom disorder, PTSD)

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8
Q

What is shen k’uei of dhat

A

‘semen loss syndrome’ loss of vital life force connected to loss of semen.
Ancient chinese medicine believed semen production was located near kdineys; therefore, semen could be lost through urination or excessive intercourse

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9
Q

what is kayak angst

A

In Eskimo tribes (esp. Inuit) or Greenlanders, intense fear felt by a person alone in kayak.
decreased level of consciosness, confusion, dizziness and ‘perceptual distortions’
many doubt their boating abilities during the episode and fear drowning

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10
Q

what is Taijin kyofusho

A

“interpersonal fear disorder”
Japenese culture bound social phobia. Belief that one’s appearance & actions are offensive to others. Fear of displeasing others with bodily functions or appearance.

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11
Q

What is unusual about the Toraja tribe of Indonesia

A

Dressing of the Dead
keep bodies of dead in their home. As long as they are home, they are just sick, not dead. Shows love and respect for ancestors.
After a funeral, every few years, may remove body from coffin, clean and rederess.

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12
Q

differences between the supernatural model, biological model, and psychosocial model

A

Supernatural model: Causes - divine intervention, demonic possession, curses, personal sin. Treatment- exorcisom; religious rituals, sacrifices. Confession; atonement: apologize for sina
Biological model: Causes- a disease process; breakdown of bodily systems (neurotransmitters, neurons, connectivity, tumors). Treatments- restore body functions, drugs, surgery
Pyscholosocial model: Causes- beliefs, coping styles. Life events (trauma, chronic stress, bereavement). Treatment- change of environment, cognitive restructuring

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13
Q

define the ancient view of demenology

A

Mental illness was a result of being possessed by an evil spirit or punishment from God. The treatment was by priest or shaman (exorcism or sacrifice)

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14
Q

define ancient view of displeasure of the gods

A

most average Ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Romans though abnormal affliction was an affliction from the gods. Those afflicted retreasted to temples honoring the god Aesculapius, where priests held healing ceremonies

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15
Q

ancient view: exorcism/sacrifice

A

typical treatment for abnormality – driving the spirits away from the body of the suffering person. Goal was to make body an uncomfortable place for the spirits to reside. Sometimes the person throught to be possessed by evil spirits would simply be killed

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16
Q

what was trephaning

A

drilling holes in the skull of a person displaying abnormal behavior to allow the spirits to depart.

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17
Q

what did plato believe

A

insanity arose when the rational mind was overcome by impulse, passion, or appetite. Sanity could be regained through a disscussion withthe individual that was designed to restore rational control over emotions
rooted in nature/genetics/inherited

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18
Q

what did aristotle believe

A

scholar/philosopher
student of plato
studied life by observing it (like skinner, thorndike, and the other behaviorists)
rooted in nurture/ environment or experience

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19
Q

what organ did hippocrates believe cause mental disorders

A

Something wrong with the body disturbs thought and action. Mental illness was due to organ malfunction - the organ of the brain. (phrenitis: brain fever)

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20
Q

what were the four greek humors

A

blood
phlegm
black bile
yellow bile

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21
Q

middle ages: what point of view of returns

A

Supernatural belief (witchcraft)

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22
Q

what groups addressed mental disorders besides physcians

A

Religious/ spiritual groups

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23
Q

Demenology in the middle ages

A

witchcraft and satanism

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24
Q

define witchcraft in the middle ages

A

historians believe people accused of witchcraft must have been mentally ill. People would confess to talking with the devil, flying on the backs of animals, and engaging in false behaviors as well as delusions and other hallucinations

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25
Q

define delusion

A

false beliefs

26
Q

define hallucination

A

unreal perceptual experiences

27
Q

St. Marys Bethelehem (bedlam)

A

most famous mental hospital. Fomous for its deplorable conditions.

28
Q

who was phillipe pinel

A

A leader of the movement for moral treatment for people with abnormality - a french physician. Believed that many forms of abnormality could be cured by restoring patients’ dignity and tranquilty

29
Q

who was jean-baptise pussin

A

helped establish more humane treatment of patients. worked with philipe pinele to implement moral treatments

30
Q

Who was Dorothea Dix

A

retired school teacher who taught Sunday school in jails. Was a major lobbyist for mental health care reform. Her efforts led to the passage of laws and appropriations to fund the cleanup of mental hospitals and the training of mental health professionals.
she helped establish more than 30 mental health institutions.

31
Q

What was Tuke’s retreat

A

William Tuke opened an asylum in england called the retreat in response to the brutal treatment he saw being delivered at other mental health facilities

32
Q

Who was Benjamin Rush

A

one of the founders of American psychiatry, he believed that abnormal behavior was caused by excessive blood in the brain and prescribed bleeding the patient

33
Q

What is somatogenic perspective

A

abnormality is a result of physical factors, such as brain injury and chemical imbalances

34
Q

Who was Emil Kraplin

A

he developed a classification system for metnal disorders

35
Q

Who was Wundt and what did he call his approach

A

Medical doctor and professor of biology in Germany. Created the 1st psychology lab. Applied scientific method to psychology (apple example)

36
Q

who was Dr. Mesmer & mesmerize

A

believed that people had magnetic fluid in their body, and that health had to do with the distribution of the fluid in their body. His method was known as mesmerism.
His “cures” were attributed to the tancelike state that he seemed to induce in his patients (later labeled hypnosis)

37
Q

who was Charcot

A

head of La Salpetiere Hospital and the leading neurologist of his time. He argued hysteria was caused by degredation of the brain. He advanced psychological perspectives on abnormality.
He caused hysteria to be viewed as an illness of disorder of the mind
His famous student was Freud.
Did many experiments with hypnotizing

38
Q

Who was Breuer

A

Vienna Physician.
Did work with Anna O. - hysterical conversion symptoms
cure lasted longer if patient recalled and talked about original event under hypnosis
Cathartic Method

39
Q

What is catharsis

A

talking about patients under hypnosis led to a great upwelling and release of emotion

40
Q

Frued (psychoanalysis)

A

Developed psychoanalysis to treat psychological disorders by exposing and interpreting unconscious tensions.
he treated diseases of the nervous system and also developed free association
dream interpretation and slips of the tongue
ID, EGO, SuperEgo

41
Q

Pavlov

A

Associative or classical conditioning
standard for treatment of laboratory animals
developed methods and theories for understanding behaviors in terms of stimuli and responses rather than in terms of the internal workings of the unconscious mind.
dogs could be conditioned to salvate when presented with a stimuli other than food

42
Q

Watson

A

inspired by pavlov
studied important human behaviors, ushc as phobias, in terms of classical conditioning. rejected biological theories of abnormality and blamed it solely on individuals history of conditioning.
focused only on behavior that could be observed and the environment, Little Albert experiment

43
Q

Skinner

A

studied the effects of reinforcement on behavior
skinner box
operant conditioning
behaviorist
studied how consequences of behavior shape their likelihood of recurrence

44
Q

Ramon y Cajal

A

spanish scientist who first stained and identified the whole neuron
postulated to synapse

45
Q

Lowei

A

discovered the first neurotransmitter which is now known as acetylcholine

46
Q

Pierre Paul Broca

A

discovered specific brain areas are for specific functions
- Emotions in Le Grande Lobe Limbic
- Speech production area in left frontal lobe

47
Q

who was Wilder Penfield

A

neurosurgeon who helped expand the methods and techniques of brain surgery including mapping functions of various regions of the brain

48
Q

When did psychology emerge as an independent discipline

A

1879???

49
Q

What are the goals pyschology

A

to describe, explain, predict, and change or control behaviors
why people act (behavior), feel (affect), and think (cognition) as they do.

50
Q

what is APA (american psychological association) responsible for

A
  • publishes the ‘publication manual’
  • fosters research
  • founded in 1892
51
Q

APA (american psychiatric association) responsible for

A
  • publishes the DSM-5
  • ‘medical specialty’ organization
  • care & treatment
52
Q

what is the DSM-5

A

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
- describes symptoms, features, and gives incidence
- is the authority
- in line with WHOs ICD-10

53
Q

what is a clinical psychologist

A
  • Ph.D. or PsyD
  • Dr of philosophy – research focus
  • Dr of psychology – clinical and therapy focus
  • master’s degree (counselors): counseling and assessment
54
Q

Counseling psychologist

A

masters degree

55
Q

what is a psychiatrist

A

medical degree (MD) first, then psychiatric residency
can prescribe medications

56
Q

pyschiatirc nurses

A

have a degree in nursing, with a specialization in the treatment of people with severe psychological problems

57
Q

marriage and family therapists

A

(MFT) specialize in helping families. couples, and children overcome problems that are interfering with their well-being

58
Q

pyschiatric social workers

A

have a masters degree in social work adn often focus on helping people with pyschological problems overcome social conditions that are contributing to their problems

59
Q

Psy.D.

A

doctoral degree from a grad program that emphasizes clinical training more than research training

60
Q

Ph.D.

A

clinical psychologists – a specialization in treating and researching pyschopathology

61
Q

M.D.

A

psychiatrists – have an MD degree and have recieved specialized training in the treatment of psychological disorders. can prescribe medication and preform psychotherapy.

62
Q

How has technology influeced mental health

A

it is used to deliver mental health care with promising effectiveness. Led to a major transformation in the way mental health interventions are delivered

Abnormal Psychology (16 decks)

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